What is morphology and morphological analysis?

The grammar of the Russian language includes three sections: word formation, morphology and syntax. Today we will consider one of them, namely morphology.

The word "morphology" came from the ancient Greek language, in literal translation it denotes the science of form, the doctrine of form, that is, the study of the construction of word forms. In a normal school curriculum, morphology is studied rather superficially, and teachers do not focus much attention on this area of linguistics. The article was written especially for those who want to study in more depth what morphology and morphological analysis of the word are, or simply raise their cultural level and learn a lot of interesting things.

Let's start with the story. What is morphology, knew in the ancient Indian grammatical tradition. Then people already understood such concepts as "part of speech", "declension" or "conjugation". But the very word "morphology" (and with it science) arose only in the late nineteenth century thanks to the German poet, statesman and thinker Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who described the living and inanimate nature as "forms." Later German linguists decided to borrow this "idea of classification" and describe the language in exactly the same way. This is how the terms "morphology", "morpheme" and "morphological analysis of the word" arose.

Morphology can be seen as a necessary, but at the same time, non-universal and contradictory discipline, since it studies the structure of a grammar unit - words, or rather word forms, which, in turn, do not exist in all languages. And so not everyone knows what morphology is, and not in every language is this science needed.

Wordforms are very firmly and tightly linked, this distinguishes morphology among other sections of grammar. It very accurately describes the origin, composition, structure of the word.

Now more about morphological analysis. Today we consider only the morphological analysis of the noun and the name of the adjective. For parsing the name of the vital one, you just need to follow a simple scheme:

1. Indicate the initial form.
2. Identify the character, common name or proper name.
3. Indicate animate or inanimate.
4. Specify the genus.
5. Indicate the declination.
6. Specify a number.
7. Specify the case.
8. Define the syntactic role of the noun in the sentence.

To parse the name of the adjective, a similar scheme operates:

1. Determine the initial form.
2. Indicate the discharge.
3. Specify the form (full / short).
4. Indicate the degree of comparison.
5. Specify the genus.
6. Specify a number.
7. Specify the case.
8. Determine the syntactic role of the adjective in the sentence.

Now you know what morphology and morphological analysis of a word is. In fact, every self-respecting person needs to know the meanings of these elementary concepts. It would seem, which is simpler: modern Russian language, morphology, word formation, syntax, grammar, phonetics and so on. This knowledge characterizes you as an educated and erudite person, and such qualities have always been highly valued, valued and valued in our society. Therefore, learn your native language and always try to learn something new and interesting!