Verbal word combinations: examples and characteristics

Phrase studies the section of the Russian language called syntax. They differ in the structure and type of the main word. The article describes verbal phrases, examples are given with reliance on the context.

Classification of word combinations

In Russian, a word combination is a collection of two or more words, where one word is important, others are dependent. There are several classifications of word combinations.

According to the nature of the subordinate relationship, the combinations of words are singled out on the basis of agreement (the dependent word is likened to the main one in the genus and the case: fresh wind ), control (the main word controls the nominal part of the speech, which stands in the oblique case: to be friends with the sister ) and adjuncts (words are related only to Meaning: beautiful drawing ).

Based on the part of speech that is the main word, the nominal, verbal, adverb phrases are singled out. In nominal the main word is represented by a noun, adjective, pronoun or numerals: a tall house, some cheerful, stubborn in a good way, ten in the car . If the main word is represented by a verb, these are verbal phrases. Examples: get ahead, keep your word, negotiate . Written word combinations in Russian are less. In them the main word is an adverb: not for a long time, very calmly, very painfully .

In more detail, verbal and nominal word combinations will be considered.

Relations between members of word combinations

In different word combinations, different relationships arise. Where agreement is a definitive link, management is an objective one, adjacency is circumstantial. Verbal and nominal word combinations in Russian make up the overwhelming majority. The subordinate connection can be different.

The name is usually based on agreement ( kite ) and control (dress in flower) , rarely on the adjoining (cafe in Sochi) . Verbal phrases in Russian are based on management (talking with the artist) and adjacency (fold quickly) . Thus, all three types of relations in word combinations are equally common. When parsing phrases in terms of syntax, you should specify its type by the main word, by the nature of the relationship and by the characteristics of the relationship.

Management in verb phrases

The verb, which is associated with the noun in the oblique case, illustrates the nature of the subordinate connection, as control. That is, those combinations of words that are built on management, where the main word is represented by a verb - are verbal phrases. Examples: bring from the city, go after a friend, see the sunset, go past the square .

Norms of management

Some grammatical norms of management are connected with such phrases. So, the verb to pay requires after itself a noun without a preposition in the accusative (pay for repairs), whereas the verb pay is associated with the same noun, but with the pretext (pay for repairs). Sometimes mistakes are made when using verbs with the value of visual perception. If the word watch is often used with the preposition on (to look at the sunset), then the preposition is not required to admire the word (to admire the sunset - it is mistaken, it is right to admire the sunset).

Special is the verb to be bored , who manages the prepositional case, so it's right to say boredom for the family, for you, for you . Some verbs after themselves require a noun in the genitive case, whereas it is often mistakenly used with the accusative: to fear, to reach, to avoid, and others.

Adjunction in verbal phrases

Very common are word combinations based on contiguity, where the main word is represented by a verb, that is, verbal word combinations. Examples: standing, meditating, looking closely, came to talk, drink cocoa . In adjacency, dependent words are expressed by an unchangeable word. It can be an infinitive, a gerund, a noun, an adverb, which are connected with the main word only in meaning.

Verbal word combinations and compound predicates

The phrase, where the main word - the verb and the dependent - the verb-infinitive, can be difficult to distinguish from the compound verbal predicate. The fact is that such a predicate has a structure similar to the verbal word-combination. For example, I called to clarify - this phrase (in the sentence are emphasized as different members), but I wanted to clarify - a compound predicate (it is emphasized as one member of the sentence).

It is not difficult to distinguish such constructions. In the compound verbal predicate before the infinitive there is an incomplete verb that does not carry a semantic load: he began to do, he wanted to share, he decided to come. In the verb phrase with the dependent word infinitive, both verbs are full-valued: lay down to rest, agreed to walk, ordered to advance .

Examples of verbal phrases from literature

There are such tasks in the Russian language, in which it is required to give examples of a particular linguistic phenomenon from fiction. Below are suggestions with verbal phrases, taken from the texts of Russian writers. "It's heard again even ... the voice of the non-commissioner." "Behave yourself carefully." "He served well ... with complete zeal" (Korolenko VG "Wonderful"). "The log frame of the glacier flows a little forward." "In clear weather, it dried completely." "In the middle of ... the hassle of August and September rushed by unnoticed" (Fet AA "Autumn chores"). "... the green waves slipped by." "... the city felt ... looked and stood sensitively and peacefully." "... the moon ... gazed intently ... from the clear sky" (Turgenev IS "Asya").