Valve GAZ-53: adjustment. Trucks

In the sixties of the last century a series of medium-duty trucks was launched at the Gorky Automobile Plant. One of them was GAZ-53. Let's find out its technical characteristics, and also talk about the adjustment of valves.

Trucks from 52, 53 and 66 series were a line of real estate agents for use in the national economy. They provided cargo transportation in industry, and also successfully used in agriculture.

History of the model

In 1964, they introduced the basic model of the GAZ-53. It was equipped with an assembly from ZMZ with index 58. It was GAZ-53 (diesel) with a capacity of 115 liters. from. The maximum speed that this engine gave was 85 km / h. However, the model was only released for one year.

In 1965, a flatbed truck 53A appeared. The engineers managed to increase the load capacity of the model to four tons. In 1966, a modification for military purposes was issued. Ignition of GAZ-53 was already due to sparking.

The production was canceled in 1982, and about 4 million copies were produced.

Interior and exterior design

The appearance of the 53rd was very modern. Designers made the cladding more intact. Especially it touched the grille. The fuel tank was placed under the driver's seat. The throat of the tank was located at the driver's door, behind the cabin. This greatly helped in the future, when they began to transfer these cars to HBO. Most often the body of the GAZ-53 was onboard and isothermal.

The start was made from an electric starter with a retracting relay. The cabin was equipped with an excellent heater and windshield wipers. The seats were made in the form of a sofa. However, it was convenient to sit on it even in winter.

Carburetor GAZ-53

The truck is equipped with a two-chamber emulsion carburetor. It also implements the simultaneous opening of throttle valves with the possibility of a balanced float chamber.

This carburetor has an index of K-135. From previous modifications the model differs by some adjustments. If you do not adjust the parameters, it will not work on motors with conventional cylinder heads.

The carburetor GAZ-53 works as follows. The left camera is responsible for 5,6,7,8 cylinders. The right one supplies fuel to 1,2,3,4 cylinders.

Transmission

The motor works together with a four- speed transmission. It was equipped with four forward gears and one rear. The GAZ-53 box worked normally even under harsh conditions.

The transmission system is built according to the standard scheme. Drive rear. As a clutch used classic single-disk dry clutch. The cardan shaft and the cardan gear mechanism are also realized according to the classical scheme.

It must be said that the GAZ-53 box provides for the installation of a "dispenser". It will allow for the selection of power.

Engine

As the power unit used ZMZ-53. It's a diesel eight-cylinder engine. It had a head, and also a block of cylinders made of aluminum. The distributors and the ignition coil on this motor often went out of order. Before the need for major repairs, the car passed about 400 thousand km. It was impossible to name an economical motor. Drivers often complained about the GAZ-53 valves. Adjusting them was the usual thing.

As a carburetor, a two-chamber model was used to correct high fuel consumption.

Suspension of a Soviet truck

The medium-capacity truck GAZ-53 was equipped with a spring dependent suspension system. Front of the machine is equipped with telescopic shock absorbers. It is difficult to operate the car, because the hydraulic booster is not provided.

In order to switch the speed, it was necessary to do a double clutch release. Cardan gear consisted of two shafts. Despite the many design flaws, the repair of the GAZ-53 was not too difficult, and spare parts were quite affordable. Among other problems with the machine, there were problems with the valves. We will tell about them right now.

About self-adjusting valves

For operation of any engines, it is necessary to have at least two valves per cylinder. Today, plate elements are used. On the GAZ-53 the exhaust valve is made of high-quality steel. It has a hollow structure. The inlet is also made of quality steel. To make the heads cooler, metallic sodium is poured into the body of the element. In order to improve the heat resistance, a special alloy is welded on the face of the exhaust valves. Rods have special grooves under the biscuits. They connect the valves and the spring plate.

In order to ensure a better fillability of the cylinder of the fuel mixture, the plate on the exhaust valve has a larger diameter than at the outlet.

When the GAZ-53 diesel is launched and used, these parts are subjected to very serious loads.

Operating principle

Before considering the adjustment of the valves, you need to find out how they work. Everyone knows that the main task that is put before these details is the implementation of release and intake. This gas exchange.

First, a fuel mixture is fed through the intake valve to the cylinder, then the combustion products exit through the outlet element. Closing, as well as their opening is carried out by means of a camshaft. In order for the valve to return to its place after opening, a special spring is provided. It is very important in this design. When the valve is closed, the spring seals the opening.

Valve GAZ-53 - adjustment and the need for gaps

So, this element has a rod and a plate. When the engine is heated to its operating temperatures, the rod is heated and elongated. Therefore, to compensate for this lengthening, the designers provide special technological clearances between the camshaft cam and the rod.

This gap can only be measured in idle. When the unit is already hot, it will decrease or disappear altogether. The rod is elongated due to heating. These are the so-called thermal gaps.

When to adjust?

How often is it necessary to adjust the GAZ-53 valve? Adjustment is necessary when a characteristic noise is heard. It is created by knocking rockers and cams. Clearances should as far as possible correspond to the norms of the engine manufacturer. But do not rely only on noise. If the valve wears, then not only the valve, but also the rocker, and with it the cam, will undergo a failure.

How to adjust the valves?

This procedure will not present any complexity. First you need to find out in which order the setting takes place. To regulate it is necessary on certain grounds. For example, if the engine power has decreased, the fuel consumption has increased, there were extraneous sounds from the carburetor and exhaust.

Adjustment is carried out in very simple ways. If you use the first, then the piston in the first cylinder must be set to the top dead center. For this purpose, there are special labels on the timing pulley. The cylinder valves are closed. We need to find out what the gap is. It can be different: from ideal to very large. Each driver knows his own personal ideal clearance on a particular engine.

To adjust with a screwdriver, hold the adjusting screw on the first valve, and then loosen the lock nut. Then insert the test probe into the gap to the required size, and the screw must be twisted until it is clamped between the rocker arm and the valve stem. The valve is adjusted. This procedure is also carried out on the second element. Further, in order to adjust the valves on the remaining cylinders, it is necessary to rotate the pulley by another 90 degrees. The adjustments are repeated on the fourth cylinder. The order of operations for cylinders will be as follows: 2 - 6 - 3 - 7 - 8.

If we talk about the second method, it is very similar to the first, but the order will be slightly different. Thus, the intake valves for 1, 3, 7, 8 cylinders are adjusted, and then the exhaust valves 1, 2, 4, 5. The remaining ones can also be adjusted if the crankshaft is rotated 360 degrees. At this point, the question "how to tune the GAZ-53 valve" can be considered closed. Adjusting them is not very difficult, and time is not particularly long.

As a conclusion

As you can see, the valves and the principles of their adjustment are no different from cars. The operation is very simple, it does not take too much time. The driver only needs knowledge of the location of these nodes and a little experience. You will also need a basic set of tools for customizing.

Even the novice driver will cope with the adjustment of the valves and thus it will be possible to save on the services of the SRT.

So, we found out the technical device and rules for adjusting the valves of the medium-duty truck GAZ-53.