Transmission. Basic Types

The transmission is considered one of the most important components of the car design. This device is designed to transfer the power of the motor to the driving wheels in the form of torque. The torque is then subjected to transformation (decrease or increase), a change in direction, and the like. In addition, the gearbox provides a cut-off from the torque transmission, with the exception of a mechanical box. In the "mechanics", the torque is cut off by means of a special knot - the clutch.

Switching is carried out using a special lever. If the gearbox is mechanical, then it is produced by the driver. When the reverse is switched on, the driver changes direction at the torque to the opposite. The third gear is connected.

Smooth switching at the forward stroke is made by switching off the clutch and smoothly switching it on later. The remaining minor difference in torque is compensated by the synchronizer. To turn on the reverse, the driver must first stop. This transmission does not have a synchronizer. Violation of the order of switching may lead to a malfunction in the device.

The semi-automatic transmission differs from the mechanical only by the lack of a clutch unit. At the same time, the driver, just like on the "mechanic", carries out the activation independently.

The automatic gearbox is also not equipped with a clutch pedal. The power is turned on in automatic mode.

Despite the fact that the "mechanics" is somewhat outdated, it has proved itself quite well among motorists. This gearbox has a significant drawback - low efficiency. This is due to the friction of the gears and the transmission oil resistance.

Automatic box is also quite popular and quite a long time used in the automotive industry. Switching is automatic, however, the speed for forward driving, as well as the reverse gear, is controlled by the driver.

Robotic gearbox is considered the most optimal option. It is based on "mechanics". The advantage of a robotic device is primarily an increased efficiency. Due to the use of two shafts, it was also possible to reduce the dimensions and increase the reliability. It should be said that such a design has become quite popular among car owners.

Those motorists who prefer "mechanics", or categorically against the use of "automation", had the opportunity to choose a control mode. For this design cars are equipped with a variator. However, this device has a drawback - there is no technical possibility of using it on heavy machine models. However, the variator has a number of undoubted advantages. First of all - it's simplicity and the possibility of smooth torque change. In addition, the use of this device significantly increases the efficiency due to the fact that there are no pairs of gears, except the reverse.

The cam gearbox from the conventional differs by a small number of large teeth (five or seven) gear clutch and pinion. The teeth have a straight form for removing axial movements of the shafts. Switching is carried out faultlessly and clearly. This is especially important for sports cars. Switching is carried out by the principle of the search and sequential mechanism.

The search switching works in the same way as on standard boxes, but more clearly and without squeezing the clutch. In this case, to switch it is sufficient to weaken the gas. With the help of the sequential mechanism it is carried out stepwise, as on motorcycles.