Types of population migration: classification, reasons

From year to year the population of the country is replenished or decreases due to migration processes. Migration is carried out for various reasons, among which the leading role is played by economic instability. Migration processes can be classified in different ways. It depends on their shape, causes and size.

The concept of migration. Types of migration

Migration of the population is called a change of residence, moving from one city to another, abroad. In this concept it is possible to include moving inside the village / city itself, however this is already a narrow definition, which is less used.

Migration as a demographic process greatly affects the life of the state. Migration processes are given a predominant role in the formation of the population of the country. The economy is also influenced by population movements from one country to another, and this influence can be both positive and negative.

Types of migration of the population are different. Classification of migration processes depends on the size, form, reasons for resettlement. For example, by the nature of the borders being crossed, external and internal migration is divided , and by legal status - illegal and legal.

Classification of migration by time

Depending on the length of residence of migrants in foreign countries, the following types of migration can be distinguished:

1. Constants.

2. Temporary.

3. Seasonal.

4. The pendulum.

5. Episodic.

It is a matter of irrevocable migration, when a person remains forever living abroad. This can be caused by different reasons, and often accompanied by a change of citizenship.

Temporary migration can occur due to some natural disasters or simply because of the need to temporarily leave for friends or relatives for a long time. This type of resettlement is characterized by a long period of residence in foreign countries, but after the appointed time the person returns home.

Seasonal migrations can be caused by a shortage of workers during harvesting, active fishing. This includes pilgrimage to holy places, as well as nomadism in the most favorable period for this. Usually the time of such migration depends on the season of the year.

Sometimes a person crosses the border on a daily basis in connection with attendance at training sessions or at work. This is possible in the border areas and is common for a number of regions. These are the pendulum migrations.

Episodic migrations can be called spontaneous, because They do not depend on any reasons and time frames. This can be an ordinary tourist trip or business trip.

Migration depending on the crossed borders

Migration processes can be carried out both between countries and within the state itself. If we are talking about crossing the border, then the notions of emigrants and immigrants are singled out. Emigrants leave their country, and immigrants, on the contrary, come. The ratio of the two categories of migrants can have a colossal effect on the number of individual regions and the entire state as a whole.

Migration within the country is characterized by a change of residence and resettlement in another locality. One can single out the following most frequent types of migration: village - village, village - city, city - city.

The essence of the classification of migration processes

Types of migration are conditional. Systematics can rely on many factors, which can be both important and insignificant. A special role for classification is played by migration problems, with the help of which it is possible to systematize and subsequently solve basic incidents in any migration period.

Work migration

Migration processes can be caused by economic, political, religious or military reasons. The most important of these are economic. This includes labor migration: job search, business trips, shortage of workers in certain periods of the year.

Labor migration greatly affects the economic situation of the country. So, if there is a shortage of specialists in a certain state, it can entice those from other countries. As a consequence, the number of these specialists increases or decreases.

The lack of money forces people from villages and villages to move to more developed communities. This is how urbanization occurs - an increase in the number of people in cities. At the same time, the number of jobs may decrease, which eventually leads to unemployment.

When it comes to labor migration, they give out illegal and legal migration abroad. Legal migrations are always documented, which is a guarantee for a potential employee during a stay in a foreign country. However, over the past few years there has been an increase in the illegal flow of migrants. This threatens not only the economy of the state, but also the lives of the people themselves: cases of slavery, non-payment of money for work, etc. are real.

Migrations of the population in Europe

People move to the countries of migration in search of a high source of income, a comfortable place of residence or education. This process is typical for Europe. However, since 2015, there has been a trend of mass resettlement of refugees from countries of Africa and Asia because of wars in their home states. Migrants actively seek to Europe and penetrate there through Greece, in smaller quantities - through Spain and Italy.

This process is dangerous because of the increase in the number of people in a number of countries, as well as the risk of terrorist attacks, murders, rapes. The number of jobs is sharply reduced. The majority of refugees are women and children who receive economic assistance. This is a strong blow to the state budget, which can lead to a crisis.

Migration in Europe is an acute problem for a large number of states. It is necessary to find a way out of such situations, otherwise there is a risk for the peaceful population of the countries in the ethnic and economic terms.

Causes and consequences of migration

People see abroad new opportunities for work and study. A potentially higher salary, a search for career growth, beckons a person abroad. Many prestigious foreign universities themselves offer exchange programs for students, so young people tend to get there.

Types of migration of the population can be different. Therefore, the reason for the change of residence may be an unstable situation in the country, including wars or another crisis. Also migrants leave their country because of unfit for them climate conditions, natural disasters and other natural anomalies.

Hence the migration problems with which any state tries to fight. If this is a flow of immigrants, then the government regulates wages and the number of jobs, financial assistance. If this is an outflow of the population from the country, attempts are being made to attract specialists from other countries, the demographic policy is oriented to stimulating natural population growth.