The subject and tasks of psychology

Psychology is a specialized field of science engaged in the study of the origin, patterns of manifestation and evolution of mental actions and processes, all states, the characteristic properties of man and animals.

Before we begin to consider the problems of psychology, it is necessary to determine the terminology. Mental processes include perception, sensation, imagination, memory, thinking. They are understood as frustration (a condition that arises when it is impossible to satisfy needs), emotions, motivations, etc. Mental properties - it's temperament, ability, character traits.

The definition of psychology developed in ancient Greece. Literally the term means "knowledge of the soul".

To date, science is studying many different directions. Each of them has its own peculiarities, methods, tasks.

General psychology is the territory of specific scientific definitions and knowledge, specializing in studying the development and functioning of the psyche as a whole.

The subject and tasks of psychology (general) are determined by the basic, leading laws of the development of psychic reality. The subject of psychology is the psyche, and the science itself eventually divided into many highly specialized industries and directions. Most accurately, the structure of psychology conveys the image of the tree. The trunk or the basis of it is a general psychology that studies the characteristics of an adult, well-established, healthy person. This part of science is the foundation for the development of the remaining sections. It gives definitions to the basic concepts, studies and determines general patterns.

The branches of psychology are branches of the conditional tree . There are a lot of them:

• Where general psychology is confronted with the technical sciences, psychology of labor and engineering arose. The subject and tasks of psychology of this kind are aimed at studying the changes in the human psyche in the production process. They determine the motivation, study the changes that arise during labor processes.

• Several industries emerged at the junction with medicine. The subject and tasks of the medical psychology turned out to be so diverse that a whole series of narrower branches sprang from them: pathopsychology, psychotherapy, medical psychology.

• One of the most important subspecies, formed in the development of general psychology, is pedagogical. The subject of pedagogical psychology is the tools, methods and patterns of learning and cognition of the socio-cultural experience that a person acquires in the learning process. Here we study the patterns of the child's personal and intellectual development. Pedagogical psychology perceives the child as a subject of educational and pedagogical activity organized and systematized by the teacher depending on the conditions in which the education process can take place. The study of this process is the main, main task of pedagogical psychology.

This science in its turn also broke up into several more specialized sections. The first is the psychology of educational activity, which studies the processes of pedagogical activity and learning in unity. The second considers subjects of educational activity, the third - subjects of pedagogical activity (teachers). The fourth section - the psychology of educational and pedagogical cooperation, is the unifying link in the field of pedagogical psychology.

There is also social and military psychology, the age and legal industry, the psychology of art, management, sports, etc.

The subject and tasks of psychology of each species are determined by the type of relationship (for example, "man-machine", "man-work of art", etc.), the subject of psychological activity.

Today, without knowledge of this science, no side of life can manage. Knowledge of her postulates helps to find the right motivations, educate children, maximize working capacity, improve the quality of life. To become a professional in this field is possible after graduating from the faculties of psychology, which are available in many universities of the country.