Age and pedagogical psychology. Main tasks and principles of educational activity.

The branch of psychology, which studies the regularity of the process of acquiring social experience by a person in specially organized conditions of training, is called "Pedagogical Psychology". From this area associatively stands out the concept of "educational activity", which is the basis of pedagogical psychology. The concept of "learning activity", even among competent people, is treated differently, sometimes it is associated with such concepts as teaching or teaching.

You can consider this concept according to DB. Elkonin, who believed that "educational activity - is an activity that has its content mastery of generalized methods of action in the sphere of scientific concepts, ... such activities should be motivated by adequate motives. They may be ... motives for acquiring generalized methods of action, or, more simply, motives, own growth, own improvement "[238, p. 245]. In some cases, pedagogical psychology considers educational activity as a specific mode of activity. It is always aimed at the subject and assumes his self-development, perfection and formation of his personality thanks to useful and cognitive pedagogical activity.

Pedagogical psychology distinguishes several basic principles of educational activity, which essentially distinguishes it from other types of education.

1. It is specifically aimed at solving learning problems and mastering the material.
2. In this doctrine, general scientific concepts and principles of action are mastered.
3. Joint methods of action (in contrast to everyday methods) precede the solution of complex life problems.
4. Educational activities lead to a change in the personality characteristics of a person.
5. Subsequently, the whole complex leads to a change in the psychic properties and social behavior of the student, depending on the results of his own active activities.

The basic product of educational activity pedagogical psychology considers the structured knowledge, which is the basis for solving complex scientific and practical problems. Educational activity consists of such concepts as motivation, learning tasks in a wide variety of forms, training activities, evaluation, shifting to self-esteem and control, turning into self-control. Motivation, as the most basic component of learning, is included in the structure of any learning activity, it can be both internal and external to the activity, but it always remains internal, in relation to the trainee's personality.

The educational task is offered to the student in the form of a specific task in a certain situation. This aspect is very important for the student, because at that moment he has the opportunity to discover something new and unknown. To do this, it will require some effort and contact with the object, and the result will indicate the goal. Pedagogical psychology explains that the main difference between the educational task and all others lies in the fact that its final result consists in changing the person himself, as a person, and not the subjects with which he interacts.

Age and pedagogical psychology makes special demands on educational tasks.

1. First of all, the task should be part of a complex system, and its utility is evaluated in the overall totality of the entire system.
2. When creating a task, one should strive to ensure that it not only fulfills the immediate educational goals, but also strives to realize more distant ones.
3. Educational tasks should help in the development of the educational system, and help to properly implement educational activities.
4. The educational task should be presented in such a way that the corresponding means of activity act as a direct product of education.

Proceeding from this, one should not underestimate the influence of educational tasks on the whole process of educational activity, especially since the psychology and pedagogy of higher education and middle-level personnel clearly confirm this.