"The Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko. Summary of the "Pedagogical Poem" by Makarenko

"Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko, whose content is also a practical tool for the education of a full-fledged citizen of society and a bright literary work, is one of the "pearls" of Soviet literature. The events described in the novel are autobiographical, the characters carry real names, including the author himself. The key in the pedagogical system of Makarenko is the idea of educating the child's personality through the collective. The statement of this idea, in fact, is devoted to the "Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko. The summary, like the novel itself, consists of 3 parts and 15 chapters (including the epilogue). At the same time, the poem was actually created "in hot pursuit", directly in the process of the life of the colony.

"The Pedagogical Poem" by Makarenko: a summary of the chapters

In the content of the novel can be identified several key points: the establishment of the colony, the emergence of the first colonists and the first problems, a "turning point" in the behavior of pupils, the formation of the collective, social interaction.

Getting Started

The action of the poem takes place in the 1920s in the USSR. The narrative is conducted on behalf of the author himself (Anton Makarenko). "Pedagogical Poem" begins with the fact that the main character bases the colony of him. Gorky near Poltava for homeless children, among whom were juvenile offenders. In addition to Makarenko himself, the pedagogical staff of the colony consisted of two educators (Ekaterina Grigoryevna and Lydia Petrovna) and one of the clerks (Kalina Ivanovich). With material support, the situation was also difficult - most of the treasury property was neatly plundered by the nearest neighbors of the colony.

The first colonists

The first pupils of the colony were six children (four were already 18 years old): Burun, Bendyuk, Volokhov, Gud, Zadorov, and Taranets. Despite the welcome (as far as the conditions of the colony allowed), the future colonists with their appearance immediately made it clear that life here does not particularly appeal to them. The discipline was not discussed: the colonists simply ignored their teachers, could go to the city in the evening and return only in the morning. A week later, Bendyuk was arrested for murder and robbery. The colonists, too, refused to carry out any economic work.

This lasted for several months. But one day the situation changed dramatically. When during the next bickering Makarenko could not restrain himself and hit one of the colonists in front of the others, the pupils suddenly changed their attitude to the colony and its rules. For the first time they went to chop firewood, faithfully carrying out their work to the end. "We are not so bad, Anton Semyonovich! - said in the end Makarenko "injured" colonist. - It's gonna be all right. We understand". This was the beginning of the collective of the colonists.

Rules in the colony

Gradually, the manager manages to organize a certain discipline in the colony. "Raspberry" is canceled. From now on, everyone should clean their beds, duty is assigned in the bedrooms. To leave without demand from the colony is prohibited. Violators are not allowed back. Also, all pupils must attend school without fail.

Separately presented the problem of theft in the work "The Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko. The summary below only emphasizes this. By that time the collective of pupils already numbered about thirty people. There is always a shortage of food. Colonists steal provisions from the warehouse; One day the manager is missing money. The climax is the theft of money from the old woman-housekeeper, who was leaving the colony. Makarenko arranges the proceedings, the thief finds. Anton Semenovich resorts to the method of "people's court". Burun (a colonist convicted of theft) is exposed to the collective. Pupils are indignant over his misdemeanor, they are ready to commit reprisals against him. As a result, Burun is sent under arrest. After this incident the pupil stopped stealing.

Becoming a team

Gradually, a real collective is being formed in the colony. Pupils are already oriented not only to themselves, but also to others. A significant moment in the work "The Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko (a brief summary of this confirmation) is the creation of patrols. The colonists organized voluntary detachments protecting local territories from robbers, poachers, etc. Despite the fact that residents of nearby lands feared such detachments, often not separating them from local bandits, for the collective of the colonists it was a serious step in development. Former criminals could feel themselves as full-fledged members of society, benefiting the state.

In turn, the friendship of the colonists within the collective is growing stronger. The principle "one for all and all for one" is actively applied.

Housewarming

There is also a place for historical facts in the composition "The Pedagogical Poem" by Makarenko. The summary of the work could not miss this moment: in 1923 the colony moved to the abandoned Trepke estate. Here, the colonists manage to realize their dream of agriculture. In general, the attitude of pupils to the colony is not at all similar to what it was at the beginning. All the guys rightfully consider it their home, each contributes its own contribution to the organization of life and collective relations. In the colony's department there is a blacksmith, a carpenter, etc. Children gradually begin to master working specialties.

The pupils of the colony have a new fascination - the theater. They stage plays, invite local residents to them. Gradually the theater gets real popularity. Also pupils begin to correspond with the famous Soviet writer Maxim Gorky.

In 1926, the boys moved to Kuryazh to organize a life in a local colony, which is in a deplorable state. Not immediately local students take Gorky. Hardly able to bring them to the meeting. At first no one from the Kuryazh colonists wants to work - all the work has to be done by the subordinate Makarenko. Often there are fights, for the investigation even comes the investigative commission. At the same time, the control by the authorities over Makarenko's activities is growing. His pedagogical ideas and methods find not only supporters, but also opponents, in connection with this, the pressure on the teacher is increased. Nevertheless, the common forces of Makarenko and Gorky gradually manage to establish the life of the Kuryazh colonists and organize a real full-fledged collective. Apogee in the life of the colony becomes a visit to her Maxim Gorky.

Conclusion

As a result of pressure, Makarenko had to leave the colony. For seven years, Anton Semenovich directed the children's labor commune OGPU named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky. Despite the multiple criticism, Makarenko's contribution to the upbringing of the children's collective is highly appreciated by modern pedagogy. The system of Makarenko had its followers, including among the former inmates of the colony. "Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko - is an example of a huge, heavy, but incredibly significant, great work of the teacher, bordering on the feat.

The result of the work, as we see from the work of the "Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko (a summary of this emphasizes), was the re-education of more than 3,000 colonists who became full citizens of Soviet society. Specificity of educational work is reflected in a number of literary works of Makarenko. "Pedagogical Poem" briefly describes the basic principles of his educational activities in practice.