The history of Orenburg - briefly. Museum of the History of Orenburg

Orenburg is almost the most amazing city in Russia. Its peculiarity lies in the geographical position. He is in the Urals. Almost on the border with Kazakhstan. Hence many borrowed customs in the southern regions of the region. In addition, the history of Orenburg tells us that once part of the region belonged to a neighboring country.

Foundation of the city

This settlement was not formed spontaneously, like most settlements on the territory of Russia. The idea to build a city came to the Kazakh khan. He promised the tsarina Anastasia to protect the integrity of the lands, guard the borders from the attacks and help the merchants if in exchange they built a fortress that would serve as a shelter in case of danger.

This is the beginning of the history of the city of Orenburg. August 31, 1735 was laid the first stone in the construction of a large and reliable fortress. This structure is located at the confluence of the rivers Ory and Yaik.

Fun situation occurred with the choice of place. The first expedition led by I. Kirillov determined the ideal location. However, after his death, V. Tatishchev noticed a construction downstream along the Yaik River. And again a slip, as the terrain turned out to be rocky and far from the river.

And only in 1739 the final version was defined and approved - the former Berdskaya fortress. The story of Orenburg began, and the city was nicknamed three times conceived and once born.

Origin of the name

The origin of the place name becomes clear to everyone who has even penetrated into the geography of Russia, especially the Orenburg region. All immediately connect it with the river Or and part of the "burg", which in German means "city". Literally the name, proceeding from this concept, is translated as "hailstones to Ori". There is an opinion that the name of the newly built settlement was given by I. Kirillov. He also sent a package of relevant documents on the nomination of Empress Anastasia.

Also, the history of Orenburg does not allow you to drop the version that the name originated from the Kazakh "orybor".

It is worth noting that due to misunderstandings with the location of the fortress this name was worn for a long time by the first fortress, laid by Kirillov. However, over time, the empress issued a decree, in which the right to be called Orenburg was reserved only for the place that this onem has to this day.

Since 1938, the city was renamed Chkalov, in honor of the famous pilot. By the way, the latter had nothing to do with this area. In 1957 the settlement again received its historical name.

The first decades of life

The history of Orenburg, or rather, the territory of the modern city and region, has changed dramatically after the construction of the fortress. The region of nomads began to occupy the inhabitants of other Russian regions. And alongside this fortification dozens of protective structures were erected, ditches were digged and high walls were built.

Initially, the soldiers moved here in the hope that they would start farming. But the history of the city of Orenburg points to the opposite - the soldiers, not burdened with relatives, did not demand much, therefore the desire to enrich themselves and to grow on their farm was not observed.

Then it was decided to create a Cossack irregular army, where even fugitive people were accepted. Steppe virgin lands began to master the peasants.

However, there were not many artisans. The city grew and strengthened due to trade and eventually became a powerful center, which turned with the adjacent lands in the Orenburg province.

World War I

In July 1917 the "Alash" party was formed, which discussed the issues of governance and power. Representatives to the All-Russian Constituent Assembly were delegated from it . Thus, the history of Orenburg acquired its own political power.

These years have become a difficult test for the city. Cossack formations repeatedly suffered defeat from the Red Army. At that time, many regiments began to call themselves Belokazaks and did not accept changes. In addition, the national heterogeneity of the population made itself felt.

The history of Orenburg can not briefly mention these events. In those days, a lot of blood was spilled. What is just the capture of the city council, when all the people there were cut out, even women and old people.

The Times of the Soviet Union

Everything changed with the advent of Soviet power. The population has grown dramatically, almost six times. Since there were no fierce battles in the territory of this region because of its remoteness, it was customary to evacuate large industrial facilities here, many of which were left here.

For the whole Union, Orenburg became famous for his downy shawls, to get it as a gift was the highest sign of care.

During the Second World War, airplanes and helicopters were produced in the city. Then there were other industries. For Orenburg, this meant the emergence of new jobs, so over time, people from other regions moved here.

The history of Orenburg streets tells about all the changes that took place in the city.

Modern period

After the collapse of the USSR, the city lost its popularity for a while. This continued until the end of the twentieth century. However, in the 2000s, a course was taken to increase the prestige of Orenburg, the economy was rebuilt.

The city has become more attractive for tourists thanks to development programs. Old buildings began to actively restore. The network carried out activities to familiarize users with the city, its history.

An important role was played in this matter by the Museum of Orenburg History. It contains exhibits that tell about the life of the city. Every year, a number of traditional events are held there, and field excursions are organized.

The prices for visiting are more than loyal, and a convenient location is another plus that the guests of the city will appreciate.

Every street and house speaks about the city. Anyway, they remind us of what is happening here in different periods. To immediately cover the maximum amount of information about the area, residents, attractions, it is enough to visit the Museum of Orenburg History.

Ghosts at the Medical Academy

Like any other locality, Orenburg has its own legends and horror stories. One of the most popular is the stories about ghosts, which are teeming with the building of the Medical Academy. None of the residents can explain why the spirits are so unhappy that the monastery can not leave it alone, nevertheless this legend has been living for more than a century. Even there are documented memories of one of the teachers. He says that one day he was sent to calm the girls who were beside themselves with fear. They were told about ghosts by the Cadets, wishing to frighten the students. However, the young people left, and strange sounds did not stop, which made the girls make a noise.

Many students say that even today uneasy spirits roam the building, they can often be seen in corridors or rooms.

The Secret of the First Metro

Once upon a time there lived a certain Gorodissky who worked as an attorney in Orenburg. His hunt for the female sex pushed him to many extravagances - he decorated the stucco house to entertain the ladies, then the lady's honor was ready to defend, even if the forces are not equal.

But the greatest sense was gathered by the legend about what he allegedly built for the sake of the subway fun in his house. It was two rails and a cart, which reached the next street.

In any case, the city will not leave anyone indifferent.