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150 rifle division and its history

Almost everyone knows that the result of the struggle between the USSR and fascist Germany was the raising of the Banner of Victory to the dome of the Reichstag . Not everyone knows that in this event the main role was played by the 150 rifle division. However, even now it is common to argue about this.

The beginning of the way

Reference literature strongly recommends not to confuse the various convocations of the said formation. There were three in total, and their fates were formed in different ways.

The first division was created in the early autumn of 1939, and at first nothing heroic in its deeds was. Politics is an extremely dirty business, therefore, in fact, Churchill did not advise to delve into the secrets of her "cooking". In the past, virtually every country has pages that can hardly be proud of. Contains them, unfortunately, and the history of the 150th Infantry Division, which took a direct part in the partition of Poland in 1939.

Today, a great number of discussions have begun about the Second World War and its perpetrators. Some tend to demonize the Soviet Union, calling it Hitler's accomplice. Lively disputes are being held around the so-called secret protocols to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. The harsh truth is that history does not forgive the state only one thing - weakness.

The first pancake is lumpy

Poland was defeated and divided, the Soviet Union and fascist Germany signed the treaty "On Friendship and the State Border." The USSR was replenished by almost 13 million new citizens (not all of them, of course, were delighted with this), and the 150th Infantry Division of the first convocation set out to conquer new heights. Participated in the Finnish and Bessarabian campaigns, and after the beginning of the Great Patriotic War joined the fights with the cunning yesterday's allies.

The first years of the Great Patriotic War were very difficult and far from happy for the Soviet people. The Red Army was defeated after the defeat, the losses were enormous, the conduct of hostilities was often worthless. During the defensive campaign, barely entered into battle, suffered tangible losses and the 150th Infantry Division - its composition was reduced by almost a third in less than two months. At the end of June 1942, it ceased to exist (disbanded as the deceased).

The further destiny

A month later a new composition of the 150th Division began to be formed. Her fate was more successful: she participated in successful battles for the city of Bely, liberated Velikie Luki, Loknya. In April 1943 was reorganized into the 22nd Guards Rifle Division.

Finally, in September of the 43rd, the 150th Rifle Division was resurrected for the third time, its combat path ended on the roof of the Reichstag. The basis for the creation was the 151st infantry brigade, which took part in the battles of the Second World War from 1942, under the command of then still Major Leonid Vasilyevich Yakovlev.

The connection was pretty big. The structure included 4 rifle battalions, artillery and anti-tank divisions, battalions of scouts, mortar men, sappers, signalmen. The brigade fought successfully, then not very much: one of the regimental doctors Ginzburg recalled that during the assault of Staraya Russa, the losses were enormous. From the 674 regiment, where he served, only 50-60 people remained. The Germans were fortified on a hill, it was necessary to attack from a marshy lowland, where even the machinery could not help the Soviet soldiers. There are many such examples of the chosen strategy during the Second World War, unfortunately. The song about the victory, where there were words that we would not stand behind the price, Okudzhava wrote only in 1970, but the impression is that some military commanders knew it long before that and for some reason perceived it as a guide to action.

Way to victory

In the course of formation, the 150th Infantry Division, in addition to the already mentioned 151st, received 127th and 144th brigades in its composition. The equipment was carried out directly on the positions, without withdrawing the convoy to the rear. Immediately after the formation was over, the 22nd Army of the 2nd Baltic Front entered the 79th Rifle Corps. The command of the division was taken by Yakovlev, by this time already a colonel.

Since 1943, the course of the war, as they say, broke down. The value of the Battle of Stalingrad and operations on the Kursk Bulge, it seems, can not be overemphasized. Sometimes the division passed a day 40 km to the East. There was a rapid offensive against the fascists. For the successful campaign for the liberation of the city of Idritsa, the compound was given the right to be called "150 Idritskaya Rifle Division", and for the offensive operation near Lake Voshvansee was awarded the Order of Kutuzov II degree.

In the course of the fighting, it was first part of the 2nd, and then at the end of the war - the 1st Byelorussian Front, staying among the junctions of the 3rd Shock Army, whose combat task was the direct capture of Berlin.

Official version of events

On April 16, the 45th political party of the Third Army gathered for a meeting during which (with the blessing of the top leadership) it was decided that the final defeat of the fascist Reich would be the capture of the Reichstag - the symbol of a unified Germany.

A little later, on the 19th of the same month, all the battalions of the army were handed out 9 banners, sewn in the shortest possible time from a regular kumach, intended for installation on the roof of the building.

At first, the Soviet warriors, intoxicated by victory, cared little about who would decorate the dome of the German parliament, but later it was necessary to think about the issue.

The official version of the events was presented in the first days of June, prepared by the political department of the Third Army. According to him, the assault flag of the 150th Infantry Division was transferred to battalion 756 of the regiment under the command of Captain Neustroev.

Attempts to find out the truth

The unit's men forced the Spree and seized the front staircase. After that, Sergeant Kantaria, Red Army Egorov and Zapolit Berest went to the roof, fighting their way through the battle, and raised a red cloth over the glass dome. It happened at two o'clock twenty-five in the afternoon, and already at three o'clock in the taken building there was a freshly baptized commandant-captain Neustroyev.

Numerous researchers, documents and memoirs report that the indicated version of the events had nothing to do with reality, and the 150 Idritskaya Rifle Division misled the public, however, hardly maliciously.

There are different opinions about who was the first to raise the flag over the Reichstag (and what was the flag, too). There are evidences according to which the command of the corps hurried to report that the symbol of fascist Germany has been successfully taken - hence the various information about the time of the appearance of the flag.

Storm and defense

Versions have blossomed so much that it is simply impossible to find the only true one.

If we adhere to a chain of events, then the battles for Berlin began in mid-April. At the end of the month, Soviet troops crept up to the main Hitlerite stronghold - the Reichstag. Situated from the point of view of the defense, it was very successful, because on three sides it was surrounded by water - the river Spree 25 m wide. The bridge after the bombing survived only one, anti-tank ditches and the area turned into a huge pit. The Berlin subway was flooded.

On the fourth side, the building was protected by well-fortified buildings, including the Ministry of the Interior, turned into a real fortress. All approaches to the Reichstag were well shot through - this was the reason for the protracted assault and the large losses suffered by the 150th Infantry Division and other formations. Fascists resisted with despair mortally wounded animal, fighting for every step, room, floor.

First flag

The first attempt to assault was drowned, it was decided to wait for darkness - and suddenly the command of the 150th Infantry Division on the 25th of April 3rd said that the Reichstag was taken and the Red Flag was hoisted on it . Rejoicing reigned in the USSR, but it was too early to rejoice. What caused the hasty report is unknown. There is a version that individual fighters managed to break through to the building and place several soldiers' banners on the walls of the defensive fortress still defended.

Today almost every graduate of the school (if he studied, of course) knows that the banner of the 150th Infantry Division appeared first over the Reichstag, which all well-known heroes hoisted above the dome of the German parliament. Meanwhile, there is evidence that when the soldiers mentioned rose to the roof of the building, the flag was already there, and completely different people raised it.

Numerous applicants for the award

The Reichstag had two gables: one was the sculpture of the goddess of the Victory (winged Nick). Above the second, decorated with the equestrian statue of the Emperor Wilhelm, the heroes already mentioned have been brought up with them. But it happened on a deep night in the third hour, when the building was taken, and the red flag was already fluttering over Berlin and was on the opposite side, near the statue of Nicky.

Official documents say that on May 1 (with subsequent confirmation of 2, 3 and 6) to the award for this feat was presented to Captain Makov and his group: Minin, Bobrov, Zagitov and Lisimenko.

What caused the injustice is not clear. It could indeed be impossible to admit in a hasty report stating that the flag of the 150th Infantry Division was still flying from the middle of the third day over the capital of the defeated enemy.

The award found heroes, but not all

The Soviet leadership took a whole year to punish the innocent and reward the uninvolved. Only May 8, 1946 was issued a decree on conferring the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union" to those who hoisted the Banner of Victory over the German parliament in Berlin.

In addition to the already mentioned Neustroev, Kantaria and Yegorov, Davydov and Samsonov, battalion commanders, who supported the assault from the flanks, received awards. Beresta, according to some historians, the Marshal of Victory himself struck out of the list assigned to the title (the reason is idiosyncrasy to the political deputies).

As far as this is true, the general public will never know.

Challenging the right of primacy

The fierce debate is still going on. According to a research published in 2007 by the Institute of Military History of Russia, Rakhimzhan Koshkarbayev and Grigory Bulatov were the first to raise the red flag over the German symbol, which also did not receive well-deserved awards.

Remember and Private Pyotr Pyatnitsky, he fled with a flag in his hands on the steps, but was first wounded, and then killed. Banner from his hands snatched his namesake - a resident of the Zaporozhye region Peter Shcherbina and secured on the column of the German parliament. Many years after the end of the war, his grandsons fought for the posthumous assignment of the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union" to his grandfather.

In principle, it hardly makes sense to argue about who was the first - the fighters of the 150th Infantry Division, or representatives of another formation.

Won all

Participants recall that before the storming, almost everyone tried to acquire a banner, flag or even a flag. In the course went everything that corresponded to color: curtains, sheets, pieces of cloth. Immediately after the assault, the Reichstag was decorated with more than half a hundred blood-colored canvases, and it is not possible to determine which of them appeared before everyone else.

Later, when the Germans were finally thrown out, crowds of people wishing to write on the walls something like what Leonid Bykov's hero voiced in the famous film "Only Old Men Go To Battle" go to the German parliament building: "the Reichstag remains are satisfied".

Many were photographed against the background of flanked walls and pediments, and then demanded awards. Everything was. It's good that this time has already passed. Whoever raised the Banner of Victory over the Reichstag dome, the 150th Infantry Division of the Kutuzov Order is certainly worthy of being inscribed on the symbol of the end of the most bloody and cruel war in the history of mankind.

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