Health, Medicine
The edges of a person. Description, functions
The thorax is a bone-cartilaginous formation that forms the cavity. It consists of twelve vertebrae, 12 rib pairs. In this department, there is also a sternum and the connections of all the elements. In the cavity are internal organs: esophagus, trachea, lungs, heart and others. The shape of the chest is comparable to a cone of a truncated type. The bottom is turned downwards. The transverse dimension is larger than the anteroposterior dimension. The side walls form the human ribs. The front wall is short.
Human anatomy. Ribs
These symmetrical formations pair in pairs with the thoracic vertebrae. The human ribs include a longer bone portion and anterior, shorter, cartilaginous. In total, there are twelve pairs of plates. The upper, from I to VII, are attached to the sternum with the help of cartilaginous elements. These ribs of a person are called true. Cartilages VIII-X pairs are connected to the overlying plate. These elements are called false. XI and XII human ribs have cartilaginous short parts that end in the musculature of the abdominal wall. These plates are called hesitant.
Structure of human ribs
Each plate has a narrow, curved on the surface or along the edge shape. The posterior end of each human rib has a head. In the IX pair, it joins the bodies of two thoracic adjacent vertebrae. In this regard, from the second to the tenth plate have a comb, dividing the head into 2 parts. I, XI, XII pairs are articulated on vertebral bodies with full pits. The posterior end of the human rib narrows behind the head. As a result, a neck is formed. It goes into the longest section of the plate - the body. Between it and the neck is located a tubercle. On the tenth ribs, it is divided into two elevations. One of them lies below and medially, forming an articular surface, the other, respectively, higher and lateral. The latter are joined by ligaments. The tubercles of the XI and XII ribs do not have articular surfaces. In some cases, there may be no elevations themselves. The bodies of the II-XII plates include the outer and inner surfaces and edges. The shape of the ribs is somewhat twisted along the longitudinal axis and curved anteriorly at the tubercle. This area is called the angle. At the lower edge of the inner side of the body is a groove. It contains nerves and vessels.
Functions
Forming the chest, the plates provide protection to internal organs from various external influences: injuries, mechanical damage. Another important function is the creation of a skeleton. The thorax ensures that the internal organs are held in the necessary, optimal position, preventing the heart from moving to the side of the lungs.
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