The capital of the Republic of Tuva. Government of the Republic of Tuva

The Republic of Tyva is an autonomous subject of the Russian Federation. It is part of the Siberian district. The city of Kyzyl is considered to be the heart. To date, Tyva represents 2 regional and 17 municipal districts. In total in the republic there are more than 120 settlements and 5 cities.

Formation of autonomy

The history of the Republic of Tyva dates back to the first millennium BC. E. In those times immemorial, Indo-European nomads lived on the territory of the region. Soon the tribes of the Turks came to their place. The first state system was born closer to the III century BC. E. Its creators were the Donlin people. They built the first communities in South Siberia.

Since 1914 the district was called Tuva. He was part of the Yenisei province under the protectorate of Russia. At that time the capital of the republic was the settlement of Belozarsk. Later it was renamed into the city of Kyzyl. Over time, Tuva has its own state symbols and anthem, the budget, the government within the USSR.

In 1993, according to the constitution, the republic was renamed into Tuva. From that moment the district received full autonomy. Now the territorial authorities had the right to decide the issues of peace and war, establish their own judicial system, and conduct prosecutor's supervision. In turn, the capital of the Republic of Tyva became the economic center of the whole region. In 2006, a number of regional deputies sent a letter to the President of Russia with a request to remove the head of the republic from his activities. The response to this request was the exclusion of politicians from all party organizations in the country. Such measures were aimed at stabilizing the situation in the Republic of Tyva. In 2010, local citizenship was abolished.

"Red" capital

The center of the Autonomous Okrug is the modern and beautiful city of Kyzyl. The Republic of Tuva is notable for many aspects, but its capital is considered to be the main one. The word "kyzyl" in translation from Turkic means "red." This city is rightfully recognized as the main attraction of the republic.

It is located between the mouths of the Yenisei in the Tuva Basin. However, for millions of tourists, the capital is remarkable for a different reason. Experts have calculated that the geographical center of Asia is just the city of Kyzyl.

The Republic of Tyva is located in the time zone of UTC +7: 00. Regarding Moscow, the time is shifted 4 hours ahead. The climate in the capital is dry, there is almost no wind. The reason for the location of Kyzyl is the hollow. Winters here are little snowy, but severe (up to -52 degrees). There is no spring as such. Meteorological summer begins in May. June-July is the time of hurricanes and strong dust storms. Heavy rains come only in August. The first frosts are already observed in September. Today's capital of the Republic of Tyva consists of many microdistricts. They are divided according to economic and geographical characteristics. These are such microdistricts as "Central", "Southern", "Right Bank", "Mountain", "Sputnik", "Builder" and others. Also, the capital of the Republic of Tyva is notable for the fact that it has its own heating and power plant.

Geography of the region

The territory of the Autonomous District extends over an area of almost 170 thousand square meters. Km. Located in the south-eastern region of Siberia. It shares borders with Mongolia, Buryatia, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Irkutsk Region, the Republics of Altai and Khakassia.

The largest lake was called Ubsu-Nur. It is located in the South Mongolian Basin.

Almost the whole region is represented by mountainous terrain. The capital of the Republic of Tyva is located at the lowest point of the platform. According to Russian theologians, more than 80% of the territory of the Autonomous Okrug is mountains, and only 20% are plains and steppes. The eastern and northern borders of the republic are closed by ridges up to 3 km in height. Most of the relief is occupied by the Sayan Mountains and the Derby-Taiga Plateau. There are 16 extinct volcanoes on the territory of Tyva. The highest point in the region is Mount Mongun-Taiga - 3976 meters. It refers to the Altai system of ridges.

Natural features

Dozens of natural monuments, sanctuaries and reserves are in Tyva . The Ubsunur hollow has long been listed as a natural and cultural heritage of UNESCO. It is remarkable for the fact that it houses the largest freshwater basin in Asia. The total area of the water area extends to 1.07 million hectares. The pool is simultaneously protected by the Russian Federation, Mongolian authorities, and UNESCO representatives.

Flora and fauna of the region is extremely rich in rare species. The reason for this is a suitable taiga landscape. On the slopes of the mountains live snow leopards, Sayan squirrels, wolverines, ermines, lynxes, wild goats. In the lower reaches you can often find sables, bears, marals, wolves.

It is worth noting that in the steppe area hunting is allowed for any animals, except leopards.

Climate and geology of Tyva

Summer in the region is moderate. In the mountainous region the weather is warm, in the basins it is sultry and dry. In winter, the temperature often reaches -40 degrees. Snow falls a little, drifts do not happen because of the lack of wind. In summer, the temperature varies from +25 to +35 degrees. At the end of the season there is a sharp change in weather conditions. Often strong winds are combined into a single cyclical rush, forming powerful hurricanes. The most optimal time of the year for rest is May and the beginning of September.

The ground in some places in the region does not have time to move away from permafrost. Mountain-taiga and chestnut soils predominate . The hollows and mountains are covered with steppe vegetation.

The Republic of Tuva is recognized as an earthquake-prone area. Strong earthquakes occur here almost every year. In 2011, 100 kilometers from Kyzyl, powerful tremors were recorded at 9.5 points. Because of the cataclysm, thousands of residents of villages and cities were left without electricity. The number of victims was estimated by hundreds. The last serious earthquake was observed in the republic in February 2012.

Cultural heritage

Indigenous Tuvans still revere the traditions of the ancient nomads. The reason for this is the relative detachment of the region from other RF subjects. The fact is that in Tyva there is no well-established system of the railway industry. In addition, the republic is surrounded by mountain ranges and reservoirs. That is why in some areas whole nomadic economies have been preserved. Otherwise, local residents are engaged in livestock raising and hunting. The religion of the indigenous Tuvinians is called Lamaism. This is a combination of the spiritual component of Buddhism with elements of shamanism. In 1992 Kyzyl, with a long visit, was visited by the Dalai Lama himself XIV. It is worth noting that the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Tyva closely follows the cultural development of its younger generation. At all levels of education young Tuvans get acquainted with the traditions of their ancestors in order to continue their business.

The main dwelling of rural residents is still the yurts. Also here the commitment to the national cuisine is pronounced. From the cultural heritage it should be noted throat singing, products from agalmatolite, horse racing, fight in the style of Khuresh and much more than the rich Republic of Tyva.

The population of the district

The first census was carried out back in 1959. At that time, the population was about 172 thousand people. Of these, 57% were Tuvinians, 40% were Russians, the rest were less than 3%.

The most densely populated city is Kyzyl - about 114 thousand inhabitants. The total demographic size of the republic as of 2015 is 314 thousand people. At the same time, the urban population is almost 54%. Today Tyva is a multinational region. Here live Tuvans, Russians, Ukrainians, Khakases, Armenians, Tatars, Kirghiz, Buryats, and other peoples.

Economy of the Republic

The main industry of the region is mining of rocks: non-ferrous metals, coal, asbestos and other minerals. It is to this area of activity that the Government of the Republic of Tuva directs all efforts to attract investors. Also one of the most important branches of the region's economy is the forestry and food industries.

Agricultural land is about one and a half thousand hectares. Agriculture is not developed much here, but cattle breeding is flourishing.

Another important industry is tourism. Tyva attracts visitors with a few historical legacies. One of them is the "Main Temple", located in the valley of Khemchik.

Authorities

The Government of the Republic of Tuva combines both legislative and executive activities. Its chairman since 2007 is Sholban Kara-ool (see the photo on the left). The government includes dozens of government bodies: the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Tuva, the Ministry of Economic Development, Culture, Social Policy, Finance, Economics, Health, various services, state committees and agencies. The scope of the Office is extended to targeted programs, legislation, strategic documents.

A separate authority is the Arbitration Court of the Republic of Tuva. Since 2012, its chairman is Vladimir Azhi. The Arbitration Court of the Republic of Tuva has two members: on the decision of civil offenses and administrative. The apparatus employs 35 civil servants.