The bodies of internal affairs of the Russian Federation. System of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation

The Ministry of Internal Affairs in many states is one of the oldest and most resilient structures in the reorganization plan. At the same time, it is included in a small group of agencies that make up the government core. The bodies of internal affairs of Russia exist for about two centuries. In the USSR, they were called the NKVD, after a regime change - the Interior Ministry. Next, we will examine in more detail the activities of the organs of internal affairs.

General information

The bodies of internal affairs of the Russian Federation belong to the executive branch of power. They carry out various functions. The activities of the internal affairs bodies are aimed at the development and implementation of state policy, regulatory and legal regulation, the development of programs in the migration sphere.

Distinctive features

The main feature of the structure is that the units included in it, among other things, perform a law enforcement function. This distinctive feature directly and directly affects the powers vested in the system of internal affairs bodies. This feature is also seen in the structure of the apparatus, the methods and forms of the implementation of functions, and in other elements of its legal status.

In any form, law enforcement is considered public. In other words, the execution of tasks is carried out outside the industry: on the street, markets, squares, other public places. This suggests that the system of internal affairs bodies - internal troops, police and other units - does not perform an intra-sectoral task. It is not formed to coordinate self-sufficiency of security and order, but to contribute to the establishment and preservation of the rule of law in society both with respect to citizens and organizations.

Undoubtedly, within the industry itself there are various tasks to improve its organization, financing, equipping and other. From the quality and speed of solving these problems depends the effectiveness of the structure beyond the industry. However, for all the importance and importance of the intra-industry organization, the most priority tasks are those that are subordinated to the main function of the law enforcement sphere - security and order protection in the society.

Credentials

The internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation form a large-scale structure and constitute a whole branch of public administration. At the same time, their powers extend to the state and the whole of society within the framework of the part of the law enforcement sphere assigned to them. This designation of the structure determines all the main aspects of its organizational and legal status, methods and forms of implementation, competence. The main tasks of the industry include:

• Development and implementation of domestic and migration policies.
• Management of divisions of the Russian Interior Ministry and internal troops of the country.
• Ensuring the safety of the health, life, freedoms and rights of the population of the state, foreign persons, subjects without citizenship; Counteraction to crime, preservation of public security, protection of property and order.
• Regulatory and legal regulation.
• Providing legal and social protection for ATS officers serving in internal troops, state civilian officials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Employees of internal affairs bodies, citizens dismissed from the service in the police department and from the ranks of troops, members of their families have the right to receive appropriate security. In accordance with the current law, this task is vested in the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Directions

From the above powers, through the norms of administrative law, two types of activities are carried out: administrative and operational-search. The first is considered the most extensive of all existing sub-industries. Work in the internal affairs agencies in this area requires a large number of employees. In this regard, for the implementation of administrative tasks, the bulk of employees are employed. The administrative sphere of the Ministry of Internal Affairs unites a lot of specific types of activity of the bodies of the Interior Ministry and employees. Within the framework of this sub-sector, public order oversight, administrative control and so on are carried out.

Divisions

Based on the assigned tasks and the competence of the ATS, the structure of the industry is also built. At the moment, the system includes such major divisions and departments as:

• Central Office of the Ministry of the Interior.
• Police.
• The Main Command of Internal Troops.
• Investigation Department.
• The Main Department for Ensuring the Protection of Public Law and Order and Coordinating Interactions with the Executive Authorities in the Subjects.
• STSI.
• The main apparatus of the structure of private security.
• Central Office for Countering Extremism.
• The main apparatus of its own security.
• Central Administration for Economic Security and Anti-Corruption.

Structural differences

From the above list of structures that form the industry, it can be seen that some internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation have the status of a subdivision of the state administration, for example, departments of the Interior Ministry. Others are fixed as independent structural elements. This means that their powers extend beyond the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. To such units, for example, carry traffic police.

The bodies of internal affairs of the Russian Federation and independent structural units of the structure realize their powers through their apparatus. It has a certain device. The central department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs includes departments and departments, which are formed in accordance with the principle of specialization of the performance of certain tasks within the main areas.

Legal basis

The main normative act, providing regulation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, is the Constitution. The basic prescriptions are also contained in the acts of the State Duma, orders and decrees of the President, Federal Laws, government decrees. The legal basis for the activities is carried out through the norms and principles of world law, international treaties, the Regulations on the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The order of activity is also determined by other orders, instructions, regulatory acts of the department.

The functioning of the structure is carried out on the basis of the principles of observance and respect for human rights and citizenship, humanism, legality, publicity, close interaction with state power and government bodies, the population, public associations, and the media. Territorial bodies of internal affairs are represented by regional (regional), district, city departments and departments.

General aspects of organizational and legal status

Functions between the local administration and the Ministry of Internal Affairs are divided in the order of forming a system of double subordination - horizontal and vertical. The leadership of the administrative apparatus is mainly focused on providing material, financial and organizational conditions for the effective implementation of tasks assigned to the ATS. The function of the administrative structure also includes giving instructions and informing about various events (fairs, demonstrations, rallies). The higher bodies of the VD solve the issues of normative regulation, improvement of methods and forms of activity of officials and departments in general, generalization of experience and so on. Local structures perform mainly tasks for practical prevention, suppression of illegal actions and ensuring that criminals are brought to justice.

Features of the Department of Internal Affairs

In the regions (regions) of governance, VD is managed by lower-level bodies in cities and districts. They also implement certain law enforcement tasks with their own resources and forces. In particular, they provide security in the conduct of regional (regional) scale measures, exercise control over police units and so on.

The city and district departments are the grass-roots level of the Interior Ministry system. In fact, they perform the bulk of the work on security and law enforcement. They have at their disposal a specialized and qualified police force and other structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The scope of their activities includes the practical resolution of problems of passport regime, security and order in the squares, streets and other public places. Officials employed in these units spend a lot of time on receiving citizens, reviewing their complaints and applications. They spend a lot of time and unite the forces of the public to fight crime, control the activities of district inspectors.

There are two main elements in the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs , with the help of which the standing tasks are performed and the authorities are exercised. They include the police and internal troops. In their arsenal they mainly have methods and means of administrative and legal nature. Themselves, these units belong to the law enforcement structure. Management and supervision of all the lower-level elements are carried out by the Federal Internal Affairs Bodies.

Police

It is one of the most important parts of the ATS system. As the legal basis for the functioning of the police, the Constitution of the country, the Federal Law, international treaties, resolutions of the President and the Government and other normative acts are in effect. This structural element ensures the safety of citizens and the protection of order through patrolling. In 2011, the reform was carried out, as a result of which the former police were reorganized into the police.

Finally

General leadership in the field of internal affairs is exercised by the President and the Government of the country. The structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is assigned the most important tasks. On the professionalism of employees depends safety on the streets, the safety of freedoms and the rights of citizens. Bodies of VD conduct active struggle against criminality, provide protection of the property.

Acting as the main, central link, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the country implements the tasks of developing and implementing measures to protect the population, objects (regardless of their form of ownership) and the implementation of measures to prevent and suppress administrative and criminal offenses. The activities of the WD bodies include a complex of several organizational and legal forms: criminal procedural, operational search and administrative.

In the law enforcement field, significant changes have taken place in the past few years. In particular, the police were reorganized, amendments were made to the legislative base. Thus, the right of the detainee to make a phone call, detailing procedures for the use of special means and detention, the description of powers that police officers have when entering a dwelling, and other regulations were introduced.