Supreme legislative bodies of the Russian Federation. Basics of functioning

The highest legislative bodies of the Russian Federation are the Russian Parliament. The State Duma and the Federation Council are the Federal Assembly of Russia. According to the current Constitution, only one state institution has legislative functions. At the same time, if the Duma can pass a bill by a simple majority vote, the Federation Council is entitled to veto (reject) a federal law or other legal document already approved by the lower house of Parliament. In other words, the Federation Council controls and directs the legislative work in the way necessary for the state. This is done in order to reduce the level of political disagreements as much as possible and to approve the already optimal, "quiet" version of this or that bill.

Formation

The highest legislative bodies of the Russian Federation are representative bodies of power. However, the practice of forming the deputies of the State Duma and senators of the Federation Council differs among themselves. The State Duma is elected by secret ballot in the general parliamentary elections. A proportional system has now taken root, proposing voting for party lists. Deputy seats are allocated in accordance with the final official results of voting. Absolute winner is considered to be a political force, gaining 50% plus 1 vote. Recently, 2/3 of the Duma seats are controlled by United Russia.

At the same time, the Federation Council includes representatives of both regions (two from each constituent entity of the federation) and delegates from the executive and judicial system. The senators are not elected by the people, the Legislative Power of the Russian Federation, in other words, is simultaneously subordinate to the people and the administrative bureaucracy.

Operation and voting

The highest legislative bodies of the Russian Federation make decisions in accordance with the rules established by the legislative and regulatory standards. First, the State Duma forms factions, where representatives of the winning parties and sympathizers come. Then, the leadership of the lower chamber is elected, which is responsible for moderating the legislative process, as well as coordinating its actions with other power structures. The adopted bills are those documents in support of which received 50% plus 1 deputy's vote. By the way the voting passes, you can immediately determine which factions are in favor of the decision, and which are not. After this, the Council of Federation takes its word, assessing the bill from the point of view of both political and state expediency. If within the Federal Assembly all positions have been previously agreed upon, then the document is supported unconditionally and is then submitted for signature to the President.

It is of fundamental importance that the highest legislative bodies of the Russian Federation do not fulfill the functions of implementing the adopted laws. These functions are performed by the bureaucratic and administrative apparatus. However, the State Duma has the right to form or initiate the creation of new federal structures, which are given regulatory and supervisory functions.

Regional level

The legislative body of state power of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation usually performs the functions of approving local constitutional norms (Statutes), adopting a regional budget, and other regulatory acts of regional significance. Formed in general local elections. The number of deputies varies depending on the population of the republic, the region, and the region. Instrumentally obeys a single system of state power.