VAZ-2115, fuses: device, circuit and features

The vehicle's on-board network includes a number of electrical circuits. They ensure the uninterrupted operation of the electrical equipment of the machine. Fuses are used to protect these circuits from overloads due to short circuits and voltage surges. About them we'll talk in this article, taking for example the car VAZ-2115.

What is a fuse

The car fuse (fuse-link) is the protective element of the electrical circuit of a particular node (s) from overloads. Protection is achieved by breaking the chain. Typically, the insert consists of a plastic body and a thread (conductor) made of low-melting metal, located inside it, as well as contacts. When an overload occurs, the conductor melts and breaks the electrical circuit. A node whose safety the fuse is responsible for, stops working.

Color Features

имеют разные цвета, соответствующие разным величинам расчетного тока. In cars VAZ-2115 fuses have different colors, corresponding to different values of the design current. This is a mandatory requirement of GOST.

Where are the fuses on VAZ-2115

An important point is knowing the location of the protection elements. Faced with a malfunction of an electrical appliance, some car owners do not know where to even look, although in the "fifteenth" everything is simple.

In the "Samaras" of the second series, to the family of which belongs VAZ-2115, the fuses are located in two mounting blocks. The first (main) is in the engine compartment of the car on the left under the windscreen.

It consists of:

• Plastic housing;
• An electrical board with connectors;
• Elements of protection.

от влаги, грязи и пыли. The housing protects the VAZ-2115 fuse assembly from moisture, dirt and dust. The board has special connectors for each protection element, and is designed to connect them to the on-board chain of the machine. The connection is made through the appropriate wiring harnesses.

The main fuse block VAZ-2115 includes not only fuse-links. There are also relays, which include certain circuits.

An additional compartment is located in the car compartment under the glove box. It contains protection devices for the main circuits responsible for the operation of the power unit.

Designation of the main unit's protection devices

предусматривает специальные обозначения для них. The circuit of fuses VAZ-2115 provides special designations for them. This is made for convenience in the search for and replacement of a defective security element. In the main unit there are only 20 fuses. All of them are indicated in the diagram with the letter "F" with the corresponding number. We'll figure out which one is responsible for what:

• F1 - provides protection of the rear fog lamp chain;
• F2 - protects repeaters of turns;
• F3 - interior lighting;
• F4 - protection of a chain of heating of back glass;
• F5 - radiator fan and signal;
• F6 - electric window circuit (if provided);
• и мотора омывателя; F7 - fuse cigarette lighter VAZ 2115 and washer motor;
• F8, F9 - front fog lights;
• F10 - dimensions (left side), lighting gosnomerov (front and rear), lighting instrument panel;
• F11 - dimensions (right side);
• F12, F13 - passing beam headlamps;
• F14, F15 - driving lights;
• F16 - control lamps of the instrument panel;
• . F17, F18, F19, F20 - reserve fuses VAZ 2115 (injector) .

Additional mounting bay

As already mentioned, the "Samar" of the fifteenth model has an additional mounting block in the cabin of the car under the instrument panel from the passenger side (under the glove box). There are only three relays and three fuses. You ask why they could not be placed in the main unit? For several reasons. The fact is that these devices are responsible for the operation of the main engine systems, namely:

• The top relay and a safety lock - a chain of a food of the gasoline pump;
• Medium - cooling fan circuits and adsorber purge valves, as well as speed sensors, crankshaft position and mass air flow;
• Lower - the electronic control unit and the central relay.

Given the importance of these elements, placing them under the hood would not be the best solution. In the cabin they are protected not only from harmful environmental factors, but also from mechanical damage.

Why the fuses blow out

перегорают достаточно часто. At VAZ-2115 fuses burn out quite often. But there are not so many reasons for this:

• Short circuit in the circuit of this or that consumer;
• Overload in the on-board network;
• Use of electrical appliances, the current consumption of which does not correspond to the current of the on-board network.

Which fuses burn out most often

As for the short circuit and overloads, then no owner of the domestic car is immune from this. Such troubles often occur due to broken wires or malfunctioning electrical appliances. Also, this may be due to the ingress of moisture, dirt, process fluids onto the contacts of any device.

Another thing is additional electric and electronic equipment, which car owners often use without thought to provide comfort. These are various navigators, recorders, fans, heating devices, audio-video systems, vacuum cleaners and compressors.

All these devices are usually connected to the car's on-board network through the cigarette lighter socket. Accordingly, its fuse blows more often. Subsequently, not only the cigarette lighter, but also the windshield washer does not work, since they have a common protection element.

How to determine a fuse failure

If you find a malfunction of an electrical appliance, it is best to start the diagnosis with a fuse. This is the weakest link in the chain. In addition, it is easiest to check the security element.

So, if in your "fifteenth", for example, the audio signal ceases to work, do not rush to disassemble the steering wheel or the device itself. Raise the hood, locate the main mounting block and open it. Then find the appropriate fuse. For convenience, use the block diagram shown on its cover. расположен, но и узнать его обозначение. With its help you can not only understand what and where the VAZ-2115 fuse is located, but also to find out its designation. In our case this is F5.

Before checking the required protective element, it must be removed from the board. For this purpose, there is a special tweezer in the mounting block. With it, remove the fuse from the seat and inspect it, as well as the contacts on the board.

Check the fuses using a normal test tool or a multimeter by calling it. Burned-out element is not subject to recovery. It must only be replaced by a similar one with the same design current.

At the end of the work, check whether the sound signal, radiator fan, and do not forget to close the fuse compartment cover.

Replacing the mounting block

There are also problems with the connectors of the mounting block, as well as with the board itself. It is quite difficult to determine such malfunctions. A sign of this problem is the failure of several electrical devices to operate at once. In this case, they, and the relay, and the fuses responsible for their performance, are in good order.

Repair the connectors is possible only if the reason is to oxidize their contacts. Damage to the board tracks can also be tried, but it is easier to replace the faulty unit with a new one. Especially since it is not so expensive - within 2000 rubles.

To replace the mounting block, only the socket wrench is required. The order of replacement is as follows.

1. Raise the hood, disconnect the battery from the negative terminal.
2. Open the cover of the mounting block and unscrew the two nuts that fix its body.
3. Disconnect the nine-pin connector.
4. Remove the case with the board.
5. Disconnect the other connectors.
6. Install the new unit in the reverse order.

During installation, the only difficulty may arise - some wiring harnesses are very short, so to connect them you need some dexterity.

Some useful tips

That your VAZ-2115 fuses last longer, and the failure of one of them does not catch you unawares, use the following tips:

1. At least once a quarter, check the condition of the mounting block, its board and the protection elements installed in it. Do not allow moisture and dirt to get inside. If necessary, take care of its additional protection.
2. When carrying out maintenance, ask the auto electrician to check the parameters of the vehicle's on-board network. If they deviate from the norm, take care of the repair of the machine.
3. Do not overload the vehicle's on-board network. Do not use electrical appliances that use high current.
4. Do not use self-made "bugs" instead of fuses. This can cause not only a short circuit, but also a fire in the car.
5. Carry a spare set of fuses. It costs 150-200 rubles, does not take much space, and can help out at the right time.