Stucco walls by own hands. Basics of repair work

Plaster - the coating is beautiful, practical, and above all, resistant. Evidence for the last point could well be the pyramids of Egypt. After all, on their walls, plaster remains for the third millennium.

Finishing works on this technology are carried out both inside and outside the building. In the first case decorative plaster with the subsequent processing "under the invoice" is widely applied. To decorate the walls of the building from the outside, solutions without coloring pigments, based on gypsum, lime and cement, are most often used.

As a rule, this item is one of the most expensive in the cost estimate of repair and construction works, so plastering the walls with your own hands is a good way to save.

Preparation of the surface for the application of decorative coatings

The main task of this stage is to ensure a strong adhesion between the solution and the substrate. For this purpose, the surface intended for plastering is cleaned of any contaminants, makes incisions, is wetted with water using a brush or an atomizer.

It should be noted that the plastering of the walls with their own hands is not only laborious, but also rather dirty. The surface of the walls must first be cleaned with metal brushes, then put in a broom.

Seams, if they are sealed "flush", you need to choose a chisel at 1.5 cm deep.
When working with slag concrete, the greatest effect can be achieved if you put a layer of plaster on a grid of fine wire. For this purpose, nails are hammered into the walls and the whole surface is braided over their hats.

Tools for the production of works

If you have decided that the plastering of the walls with your own hands is not so troublesome and quite feasible, it's time to go to the store for the tools of production.
You will need a trowel, plasterers also call it a trowel. This is a small paddle with a curved handle, with which you mix, pour and smooth the plaster mortar.

Scraper - a small spatula in the form of a trapezoid, designed for cleaning surfaces and subsequent application of putty.

A spur, a trojan, a dowel or a rod, all these are varieties of the same tool - a chisel. Used for surface preparation (application of notches), and also for the formation of an invoice decorative layer.

The cutoff is a blade, somewhat reminiscent of a knife with a wide blade. She is closing up cracks in the plaster.

Tools such as a falcon, a rule, a grater and a half-ruble, it is easier to make oneself from a suitable piece of a board, racks and a bar. Moreover, a good master in the house always has something similar.

Falcon - a square piece of plywood with sides of 40 cm, to the back of which the handle is attached. It is designed to be a simple device for keeping small portions of the solution.

Grater or half-teas - different sizes of cutting boards, which rub the surface. For convenience of work they are also equipped with handles. The grater has dimensions of 13 by 20 cm with a thickness of 2 cm, a semester - 10 by 60 cm.

Materials

For finishing works you will need plaster for walls, plaster, lime, cement. The latter are astringent materials and it is thanks to them that the solution solidifies.

Slaked lime is more suitable for work . In our stores it is sold as a "calcareous" dough. Of course, you can cook it yourself. However, it should be borne in mind that the process of complete lime quenching takes from 14 to 30 days. Insufficiently mature material will spoil you all the work, as on the wall over time blisters, bumps and cracks will appear.

Now a little about what cement is more suitable for plastering walls. Experts argue that in this case, the most desirable is portland cement (with a sulfur content of not more than 2%) and Portland cement (especially grades 300).

Sand is best suited to the river, previously sifted through a fine sieve.
The color of the finished plaster is attached to the pigments (dry dyes). Most often used ocher, iron oxide, graphite, a mixture of soot. The main requirement is nontoxicity and resistance to ultraviolet radiation.

Finishing of walls with plaster

Coating is carried out in three stages: spray, soil, covering. The first layer is made from a solution having a maximum curing speed, for a soil, a weaker solution is used, the least concentrated is used for the coating.

In the first two cases, the solution is filtered through a sieve with three-millimeter cells, for the latter layer - two times smaller, that is, one and a half millimeters.

Simple plastering of the walls with your own hands - the work is not too complicated, but it requires some physical dexterity. How does plastering occur? If you had to watch the work of the master, most likely, he acted as follows. A small portion of the solution was laid out on the falcon, took a piece of the trowel and threw it against the wall with force. Of course, after a little workout on a sloping surface with a solution without hardener, you too will master this trick. But it is easier for a beginner to spread a solution, but not to spread it.

According to the technology, plastering starts from the top to the bottom, in the direction from the window to the door.

Before applying the mortar, the walls must be thoroughly wetted with water to avoid cracks when drying.

The first layer is splatter, it must fill all the roughnesses. The second is the primer, which serves as the basis for the plaster. Apply it in two, and if necessary even in three steps, waiting for the complete drying of each previous layer. Level with a rule or a half.

Mortar for the cover layer is prepared by adding fine sand. When trowelling and leveling, particles of smaller diameter fill the remaining voids, creating a smooth and even surface.

For the overburden, too strong a solution is not used, since it is too difficult to grind smoothly. If decorative plaster is used, then it is necessary to put it in two or three layers.