St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education: history, faculties. Rector of SPbMAPO - Otari Givievich Hurtsilava

St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education (SPbMAPO) has a long history.

, который в 1896 г. получил почетный титул Императорского. It began on 3.06.1885 with the opening of the Clinical Institute , which in 1896 received the honorary title of the Imperial. The idea of creating this institution belonged to such famous figures of medicine of the 19th century as I.P. Pirogov, N.F. Zdekauer, E.E. Eichwald.

The need to create

The Imperial Clinical Institute, one of the activities of which was the postgraduate education of physicians, was opened thanks to the efforts of the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna, as well as her daughter Ekaterina Mikhailovna. They were the highest patroness of the institute. With them, its building was built according to a project created by the academician of architecture R.A. Gedike.

This institute was extremely important for the development of domestic medicine. After all, in the second half of the 19th century. Only a few Russian doctors had the opportunity to improve their knowledge by attending postgraduate faculties of foreign universities. At the same time, the country was in dire need of qualified personnel, especially in zemstvo doctors.

Participation of the Grand Duchess

In 1823, the youngest son of Emperor Paul I married the Princess of Württemberg Frederick-Charlotte-Maria (after the adoption of Orthodoxy - Helena Pavlovna). It was one of the most enlightened and educated women in Russia of that period. Emperor Nicholas I even called it "the scientist of the family." Elena Pavlovna constantly patronized famous figures of Russian culture and science.

She also provided charity and medical education. Elena Pavlovna was distinguished by liberal views. She actively contributed to the implementation of the peasant reform in Russia, after which the first released its serfs.

The idea of medical scientists about the creation of a special institution dedicated to the improvement of doctors was warmly supported by the Grand Duchess. And in 1871, Elena Pavlovna was given the right territory. This is a site in the center of the city, the location of which was Kirochnaya Street. Subsequently, the Clinical Institute was opened on it. The construction of this institution princess was donated 75 thousand rubles. The support of other benefactors also played an important role for the institute and its further development. They donated capital to the needs of construction, the purchase of equipment, as well as the maintenance of free beds in the institution.

Activities of the Institute during the reign of the Romanovs

The Imperial Clinical Institute was visited by doctors who want to improve their knowledge on the basis of the latest scientific achievements. They recorded for paid, as well as free courses, listened to lectures of famous professors.

At the beginning of its activity, the current St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education had four departments:

- Therapy, which was led by Eichwald EE;
- Pathological anatomy with bacteriology (head - Professor MI Afanasyev);
- surgery (under the guidance of Professor Monastyrsky ND);
- pathological physiology (head - Professor AV Lel).

Since 1894, the Clinical Institute has become part of the Ministry of Education. His patronage was carried out by the sons of the princess-patroness of Catherine Mikhailovna, who are also known for their numerous charity and charity work. These are the Dukes Georgy Georgievich and Mikhail Georgievich. The first of them was the trustee of the institution until 1909, and the second - until 1917.

Thanks to donations, the institute was able to continue and develop its activities. The advanced medical scientists working in it filled the gaps in the knowledge of practicing Zemsky doctors, giving them the opportunity to get acquainted with the most advanced methods of getting rid of diseases at that time, which allowed even provincial doctors to keep to the level of necessary scientific requirements and to justify the hopes placed on them. In the Clinical Institute worked such outstanding professors, as Sklifosovsky NV, DO. Ott, Tiling GF, AK Limberg, O.O. Mochutkovsky, N.A. Mikhailov, D.L. Romanovsky and many others.

During the reign of the Romanov family, several other branches were opened at the institute, namely:

- the eye;
- nervous;
- gynecological;
- otorhinolaryngological;
- syphilitic;
- urological.

By 1915 the hospital of the Institute served 211 beds.

After the outbreak of the First World War, a hospital was established on the basis of the institute, which later became MAPO St. Petersburg, and courses were organized for the training of nurses. Before the revolution, a large number of patients were treated at the clinic. Their number exceeded 23 000 people.

The Coming of People's Power

After the revolution, the Clinical Institute began to be financed by the state. Postgraduate education of doctors became mandatory in it. Since 1924, the name of this institution has changed. It was renamed the State Institute for the Improvement of Physicians, or GIDUV. As before, many outstanding medical figures of the country worked there. Among them: Academician N.N. Perov, Professor RR Harmful, Ya. L. Lovtsky, R.V. Kiparsky, G.D. Belonovsky. In the period from 1920 to 1930, the staff of the Institute's doctors was enriched by many academicians and professors who were the pride of Soviet medicine. Among them: V.A. Oppel and Z.G. Frenkel, V.L. Polenov and E.S. London, P.G. Korlev and AA Limberg, ON Podvysotskaya and many others.

The prestige of GIDUV did not fall in the postwar period. At the Institute there were such famous scientists as LA. Orbeli and M.F. Glazunov, N.I. Blinov and V.S. Ilyin, V.L. Vanevsky and G.V. Golovin, O.K. Khmelnitsky and S.A. Hajiyev, A.V. Vorontsov and A.G. Earth, as well as many others.

In the Soviet period, the successes of GIDUV were marked by various high state awards. So, on the eve of its fiftieth anniversary, the institute was awarded the honorary order of Lenin. He was given the name S.M. Kirov. By the centenary, the institute received the Order of the October Revolution.

In 1985, the light saw a book that describes the history of the Clinical Institute. In honor of the 100th anniversary of the establishment, the opening of the museum took place. All this recognized the merits of people, thanks to the efforts of which for the first time not only in our country, but all over the world a special system working for the improvement of doctors began to function.

Temple

Back in 1860, almost 2 years after the construction of the building of the Imperial Clinical Institute began, the architect R.A. Gedike was presented with a project to build a church. To this was given the commission of Princess Elena Petrovna.

The temple of the Academy began to be built after the finishing works in the main building were completely completed. By 1.09.1883, a dome was erected, a glazed head with a cross was installed, and the ceiling and walls were painted. Further, the commission that supervised the construction of the institute sent a petition to the Metropolitan of St. Petersburg and Novgorod Isidor with a request for the opening of the church. The question was solved by the Holy Synod on October 27, 1884. The church was named after the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Queen Helena in honor of the patroness princess Elena Pavlovna.

The church was painted by the famous decorator S.I. Sadikov. By September 1883 a two-tier iconostasis was installed in the church. It was designed by RA himself. Gedike, and completed the workshop of I. Shreder. By November 1, 1884, icons were installed on the iconostasis. They were written by artist N.D. Kuznetsov.

As early as July 1884, six copper bells were installed in the belfry. In January of the following year, a tethered pattern appeared.

Some objects of the temple were made in modeling and marble. To this work the masters V.D. Repin and G. Botto.

The consecration of the church took place after the inauguration of the Clinical Institute. However, further work on the arrangement of the temple did not end. The functioning of the church continued until 1919, when it was closed on March 25, and four years later it was liquidated. In the early thirties, a dome was demolished from the building and a fundamental library of the institute was placed in it. This continued until March 1998, until the administration of the Academy decided to restore the church. All the necessary works were completed by the middle of spring 1999. At the same time, icons were made. For their writing, invited the artist EI. Blot out. She performed the image of the Savior on the throne and Our Lady of the Hodegetria, the saints Constantine and Helen, as well as the archangels Gabriel and Michael. Her hand belongs to the icons "Exaltation of the Cross" and "Honest life-giving cross." Above the royal doors depicting the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin worked artist N.A. And N.G. The Bogdanovs.

All the work done is done on pevkas with the use of egg tempera technique. Kolera was prepared only from natural pigments, similar to those used in olden times by Old Russian recorders. This is azurite and cinnabar, ocher and lapis lazuli, glauconite and vivianite, and many others. According to traditional Russian technologies, the gilding of the assis (patterned cutting of clothes) is performed. In the end all the icons were covered with linseed oil. This gave the paints extra brightness and protected the work from the negative influence of the environment.
The consecration of the church took place on June 3, 1999. Its rector was appointed archpriest Prokofiev Alexander Alexandrovich.

The house temple of the Academy, which carries out the advanced training of doctors, was the only one existing in the medical institutions of the city and revived in its historical place. To date, it hosts Divine Liturgies, weddings, baptisms, prayer services, requiems and funeral services.

Rename

In 1992, according to the newly adopted law "On Education", GIDUV passed the first in its history attestation. And since 1993, according to the Government Decree of April 16, 1993 No. 662-p, it was transformed into the Academy, received the name "St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education". At the same time the institution adopted its new Charter. In 1994, the St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education received its first license from the State Committee for Higher Education of Russia. According to this document, the Academy was given the right to carry out works aimed at improving the skills of doctors in the postgraduate and additional education.

Expansion of the work of SPbMAPO resulted in the opening of a large number of new chairs. By 1995, there were already 84, and in ten years - 87. In the academy, doctors from St. Petersburg and other regions of Russia periodically raised their qualifications. For the year the number of students in the institution was about 26 thousand people.

Transformation

Since 2011 MAPO SPb has ceased its independent existence. In order to improve medical education, the Ministry of Health decided to merge the two oldest universities in the country. On 12.11.2011, the North-West State Medical University named after II. Mechnikov. It included two institutions. This is the St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education and the St. Petersburg Medical Academy. I.I. Mechnikov.

According to the statutory documents, the North-West State Medical University named after II. Mechnikova has a founder in the person of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Legal address: St. Petersburg, Kirochnaya Street, 41.

What are the advantages of the conversion? The newly established state medical university has great potential. To date, the institution is able to conduct close coordination and interaction of clinical, educational, and research work. All this allows us to produce highly qualified competent specialists who not only know modern knowledge, but also successfully apply them in practice, as well as carry out quality postgraduate education of doctors.

Rector

To date, SZGMU them. Mechnikov is headed by Otari Gurievich Khurtsilava. The future professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, was born on June 23, 1950 in Tbilisi. His labor activity began in 1967. Then Otari Gyrevich Hurtsilava settled in his hometown as a hospital attendant at an ambulance station. In 1969, he entered the Leningrad Sanitary and Hygienic Medical Institute, which he successfully graduated in 1975. Next was the work of an intern-surgeon in the Leningrad Hospital for the treatment of disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War. Since 1976, Otari Givievich is a doctor of the Leningrad Emergency Station, and from 1983 to 1995 - an endoscopist in Medical Unit No. 7, Kirovsky Zavod. In 1981, he moved to work in the department of outpatient therapy and diagnosis of tumors of the Research Institute. I.I. Petrova. Here he became a clinical resident.

In 1995, the rector of SPbMAPO Simbirtsev SA left his post. And right up to the merger of the Academy with the University. I.I. Mechnikova O.G. Hurtsilava was here pro-rector on clinical work.

In 1998, he successfully defended his Ph.D. thesis, and in 2008 - a doctoral dissertation. In the period from 1999 to 2007 O.G. Hurtsilava was the head of the Intercession Hospital, which is one of the most famous health facilities in St. Petersburg.

Otari Givievich is the author, as well as a co-author of a large number of articles published in medical journals. In 2000, he was chairman of the scientific and organizational committee of the first Russian-American symposium, which deals with questions of interventional cardiology. In 2009 he was a member of the Presidium of the Scientific Committee, organized for the 4th Interdisciplinary Conference on Perinatology, Obstetrics and Neonatology.

Otari Givievich Hurtsilava was awarded a medal on the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg. He also has the Order of St. Daniel of the Moscow Russian Orthodox Church.

Work of the University. I.I. Mechnikov

To date, in this educational institution, almost 4,300 students receive higher education. And 3000 of them are accepted for the budgetary form of training, and 1200 pay for the knowledge they receive. In addition to Russian citizens, there are students from different countries.

Thanks to an extensive medical and scientific research base, the institution trains 650 intern doctors, as well as over 1100 clinical residents. Within the precincts of the university, dissertational research is conducted by 460 post-graduate students, doctoral students and applicants for academic degrees. Here doctors of St. Petersburg and other regions of Russia increase their professional qualifications. Each year their number is about 30 000 people.

In the GGSMU. Mechnikov also carries out medical and diagnostic activities. It is carried out on 25 different medical profiles, using 800 beds, located on six institution-owned clinical bases. Every year, the doctors of the SZGMU them. Mechnikov is provided with highly qualified assistance to 40,000 inpatients and 300,000 in outpatient care.

As for research work, it is held in the university in full accordance with the most relevant areas of medical and biological sciences. At the same time, special attention is paid to research conducted in the field of sanitary-epidemiological direction and public health protection.

In the long term, the university is oriented to the effective use of the results of applied and fundamental scientific activity in the construction of a favorable educational environment that provides a continuous process of training highly qualified personnel.

Main goals

What is the main mission of SZGMU them. I.I. Mechnikov, which included the St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education? What are the goals of the institution? According to the administration and the whole teaching staff, they are as follows:

- in the training of highly qualified specialists who received medical education in Russia, able to work successfully in the 21st century;
- in the conduct of innovative scientific activities and the implementation of its results in practical education and health;
- in the implementation of highly effective curative care for citizens of the country;
- in the formation of spirituality and high morals of the Russian doctor.