Short biography of Pugachev Emelian: main events

Emelian Pugachev is a very interesting historical figure . A brief biography of him is presented in this article.

Life path. Start of activity

He was born in the family of Cossacks in 1740 or 1742 (opinions on this account diverge) in the village of Zimoveyska. Biography Pugachev Emelian is very interesting for studying, because he was the leader of the largest anti-serf insurrection in the Russian Empire, called the Peasant War.

Pugachev took part in the Seven Years (1760-1762) and Russian-Turkish (1768-1770) wars. In 1770 he was made into a chorus. Biography Pugachev Emelian says that the next year he fled to the North Caucasus and joined there in the Terek army. In 1772 he was arrested in Mozdok. However, Pugachev managed to escape. In the spring and summer of the same year, Emelian spent wandering around the Old Believers' villages near Gomel and Chernigov, posing as a schismatic. In the fall, he settled in the Trans-Volga Old Believers, and then visited the Yaitsk town, where he told the Cossacks to flee to the free territories of the Zakubanie.

Biography Pugachev Emelian tells that in 1773 he was arrested on the denunciation and brought to Kazan, where they were imprisoned. Pugacheva was accused of high treason. This case was considered in the Secret Expedition of the Senate in St. Petersburg. Pugachev was sentenced to life imprisonment in the trans-Ural city of Pelym. Tsarina Catherine II approved the verdict. However, the document with the verdict arrived in Kazan three days after the flight of Emelian. The search for success did not bring.

Biography Pugachev Emelian testifies that in May 1773 he appeared in the villages of the Yaitsk Cossacks, and in August he gathered a Cossack detachment, which included members of the suppressed rebellion (1772). It was decided to start a new insurrection in the hope that it would be supported by serfs. This speech was headed by Pugachev Emelyan Ivanovich. His biography says that he called himself the murdered Emperor Peter III and issued a manifesto in which he endowed the Kalmyks, Cossacks and Tatars who served in the army with all kinds of liberties and privileges.

However, the insurgents did not have a well thought-out program, and views on the goals of the uprising were limited to the possibility of creating a Cossack-peasant state with a just king at the head. Military operations were opened by a campaign to Orenburg. In December 1773 the army of Pugachev already numbered 86 guns and 25 thousand people. The army was administered by the military collegium created by him. It also served as a political center. The basis of the army was the Cossacks.

Fatal errors

Although the course of the uprising and showed that Pugachev had organizational skills and military talent, but he was allowed serious miscalculations. Instead of going on a campaign in the Volga region, which was ready to break out like a gunpowder, he was engaged in the siege of Orenburg and other fortresses. Because of this, Pugachev narrowed the area of the performance and missed the time that was needed to consolidate the forces of the rebels. Although the uprising developed successfully, and most of the Orenburg region, the counties of Tobolsk and Kazan provinces, were captured, but the state power was not dozing.

At the end of the Russo-Turkish war, regular sections of the Russian army, hardened in hard battles and disciplined, were released. The defeat of the insurgents was inevitable. Biography Pugachev Emelian says that after a series of losing battles it was given to the tsarist authorities by conspirators from his own entourage. The Senate sentenced the leader of the uprising and his four closest associates to death. Executed Pugacheva January 10, 1775 on Bolotnaya Square (Moscow).