Repair of steering of the car. Maintenance and repair of steering

The steering of a car is a combination of units and mechanisms designed to provide for the movement of a vehicle in one direction or another. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of maintenance and repair of the steering for safety as the owner of the car or its passengers, and for all other participants in the movement. Therefore, a number of fairly stringent requirements are imposed on this system. And the repair or maintenance procedure itself is strictly regulated.

The main types of mechanisms

On modern cars, steering gears of three main types are installed:

• Worms. They, in turn, are divided into worm-roll and worm-sector types.
• Toothed (rack or pinion type).
• Screw, which can be either a screw-lever or screw-rack element.
• Rear-wheel drive cars are most often equipped with a screw-roller mechanism.

Of course, depending on the type of system, steering repair in each case has its own peculiarities, subtleties and nuances. In order to understand all aspects of this complex and time-consuming process, it is necessary to possess not only deep theoretical knowledge, but also rich practical experience, as well as the necessary arsenal of equipment and tools. That is why the repair of the steering control of the car is most expedient to entrust to highly qualified specialists. Nevertheless, there are general principles, algorithms and schemes used as a basis for this type of work.

What it consists of

Experts agree to subdivide the steering system as a whole into three components:

• The steering mechanism, discussed in more detail above;
• Drive, it can be either front or rear;
• Drive amplification system (not available on all models and classes).

In addition, the trapezoidal drive can be of two types - threaded or split. Such a variety makes maintenance and repair of the steering control of the car a complex technological process.

The main requirements for the system

The main requirements for steering the car and dealing with safety are the following:

• Correct rotation kinematics, eliminating factors of lateral sliding or slipping;
• Ease and simplicity of management;
• Providing the required gear ratios;
• High strength and rigidity of parts and components;
• Tight fitting of parts and minimum clearance in joints.

All this requires a scrupulous approach, careful attention to the system and its constant monitoring. Therefore, maintenance and repair of the steering is surely included in the list of compulsory works at TO-1 and TO-2, as well as in the seasonal maintenance course.

Types of maintenance

Maintenance of mechanisms and steering units is carried out in a planned manner. Depending on the type of service, a certain amount of work is performed. It is accepted to allocate the following types of complexes of preventive and repair works:

• Daily maintenance;
• ТО-1;
• ТО-2;
• Seasonal preventive complex.

Daily measure package

It is quite obvious that the repair of the KamAZ steering system differs significantly from the similar work done with the system of any passenger car. But as for the daily complex of actions, it includes a fairly universal list of measures applied to vehicles of almost any class. This list includes the following:

• Free wheeling control;
• Visual control of the reliability of fastenings of the steering bipod;
• Checking the performance of limiters of maximum rotation angles;
• Check the size of the gaps in the hinges of the hydraulic booster and in the steering rods;
• General control of the operation of the control and amplifier.

It is important to note that the whole cycle of works listed above is highly recommended when the engine is running.

The first maintenance

The complex of works on maintenance and repair of the automobile control system in the case of TO-1 includes the following additional actions:

• Checking the condition of fastening the nuts and the pin of the fasteners of the steering bipods;
• The control of the condition of the levers of the pivot pins, and also of the ball fingers;
• Monitoring the free travel of traction hinges;
• Checking the tightness of the power steering, repair when there is a problem;
• Control of the level of the technical fluid in the power steering tank, its refilling or replacement when the level falls below the critical level set by the manufacturer.

In addition, the tightening of the fastening nuts, the condition of the wedges, pivots and other fastening elements is carefully checked. In addition to this, a more thorough, than usual, visual inspection of the condition of parts, assemblies and fastenings of the system is carried out.

Second maintenance

When carrying out TO-2, the steering of the vehicle is subjected to a deeper control. In addition to the actions performed during the TO-1, the standard list of TO-2 measures, in particular, includes the following works:

• Control the correctness of the values of the angles of installation of the controlled wheels and their adjustment in case of detection of deviations;
• Checking the fastening of the crankcase of the steering wheel, steering column, pivot wedges, and also all joints of parts and assemblies;
• Control of the fastenings of the propeller shaft of the rudder, traction hinges and pivots, the values of the gaps in the steering system;
• Diagnostics of the state of the hydraulic booster system.

Works that involve repairing the steering during secondary maintenance can avoid most of the potential malfunctions, malfunctions and problems with steering the car, providing effective prevention. If, of course, they were produced in a timely manner and with proper quality.

Seasonal maintenance

Seasonal maintenance is an additional measure that allows effective control of the condition and operation of the steering. During seasonal maintenance, as a rule, the same amount of work is performed as in the course of TO-2 and supplemented with work on the replacement of lubricants and technical fluids in accordance with the season.

Thus, constant monitoring and timely implementation of the necessary complex of measures for maintenance of the vehicle control system allows not only to significantly improve its safety. In most cases, it makes it possible to avoid very tangible losses, both financial and temporary. As you know, the repair of the steering MTZ, KamAZ, and any other car, especially modern - it's quite expensive. By analogy with medicine, maintenance is just the case when the disease is much easier and cheaper to warn than to treat it afterwards.

So, we found out how to repair the steering of the car.