Related words: how they form

Despite the fact that children begin to learn the concept of "related words" as early as the first grade, high school students do not feel very confident, performing assignments for the selection of related words.

Why?

I am sure that the difficulty is caused by a lack of knowledge of the word's composition and insufficient vocabulary of schoolchildren.

I propose an algorithm using which schoolchildren can quickly select related words to any part of speech.

First, let's define what is called related words. Related words are similar in meaning tokens (words) with the same root, but different prefixes and suffixes.

Example: a kindred - a relative - a degenerate - relatives - to give birth - maternity - generic.

All words are close in meaning, they have the same root - rod-.

Remember: words that differ only in endings are not related. This is the form of one word. Example: table - table - table (ending indicates different cases of one word).

It should be borne in mind that etymologically related words today can significantly differ in meaning. Examples: space - cosmetics, veteran and veterinarian, long and authentic. If the etymological meaning of words causes difficulty, it is necessary to turn to the etymological dictionary.

And now we learn to identify and select related words.

• We change the word to find its basis. Dining room: dining room, dining room, no dining rooms. The basis of the word will be the tables-
• We determine from what this basis is formed. The word "dining room" is an adjective formed from a noun table.
• Adding to the root of suffixes and prefixes, we form related words:

DESK - STOST-STOLIK - STEP - STOLESHNITSA.

Sometimes it is difficult to determine which root is common to related words. To determine it, we proceed like this.

• We change the word to determine its basis: gathering: there is no meeting, I will tell about the gathering. The basis of the similar.
• Try to change the beginning and end of the word: go - go, gangway, walker, come, care, coming. The root is -walk-.

Now a bit of theory: in Russian, related words can be formed in such ways:

• Prefix (prefix): the world - re + peace, the course - in + the course.
• Suffix: world - world + ok, world + yana, world + ovoy.
• Prefixally suffixed: the world - with + world + tion, the move - in + the course + the one.
• Postfixal: what - any, some, some. In this case, related words form a postfix, which joins the whole word.
• Combination: highly paid - highly paid, quickly soluble - instantly soluble.
• Truncation: specialist - special, computer - comp.
• Abbreviated: Russian Federation - RF, ATM - ATM.
• Addition. Here are a few options. Can form a whole word (bed-sofa, chair-bed), their parts (steamer, airplane), or part of the word with the whole (milk, cement).

Forming related words, one should not lose sight of homonymy: a phenomenon where the roots of words, having a completely different meaning, sound and are written in the same way. So a number of words: vodka-water-water - is not related to the other series: the driver - the wiring - the wires.