What is the composition of the word? Examples of the composition of words: "repetition," "help," "snowdrop"

The composition of the word is especially often asked to make out the high school students. After all, thanks to such lessons, the children learn the word-formation material and spelling of various expressions much better. But, despite the ease of this task, students do not always perform it correctly. What is the reason for this? We will discuss this further.

General information about the analysis of the word composition

In philological science, the analysis of words by composition is called "morphemic analysis". It is believed that this is the most complex analytical work that should be done with the lexical units of our native language. But if you follow a certain algorithm, this procedure can be done very easily, quickly and correctly.

The word composition

As you know, all words in Russian consist of an ending and a basis. The last part includes: a suffix, a root and a prefix. Usually they are called morphemes.

What is morpheme?

"Morpheme" from the Greek language is translated as "form". That is, it is a significant and minimal part of a word that can not be broken down into smaller units.

Morpheme has a grammatical meaning and a grammatical form. It is capable of transmitting completely different types of meanings, namely:

• Lexical. Its root is the root morpheme.
• Grammatical. His carrier is serving morphemes.
• Word-forming. Such a value is made by affixes.

Zero morphemes

It should also be noted that in addition to materially expressed, in Russian there are also zero morphemes, which also possess grammatical meaning. Let us give an example: in the word "house" there is no material ending, and in the word "bear" - the suffix and the ending of the past tense.

What parts does the word consist of?

As it was said above, the composition of the word includes: prefix, root, stem, suffix and ending. To understand how to correctly find these parts, you should define each of them:

• The end is the variable part of the word. As a rule, it forms forms, and also serves as a link in various word combinations and sentences. However, it should be noted that the ending may be zero.
• The basis is part of a word without end.
• The root is the main and most significant part of the word. Usually it reflects the general lexical meaning of all existing single-root words.
• The prefix is also an important part of the word. As a rule, it stands before the root. The prefix is necessary for the formation of new words.
• The suffix is the significant part of the word. Usually it stands after the root. The suffix serves to form new words.

The main stages of parsing words by composition

The composition of the word is sorted according to a certain algorithm. It is necessary to use special graphic symbols. Let's consider the main stages of this analysis in more detail:

1. Specialists note that in the Russian language there are completely different ways of parsing the word by composition. However, all of them converge in one: first you need to find and highlight the ending. In order to do this, the word being analyzed must be changed by case, gender, number or person. Thus, the root forms are quite easy to help you determine the ending.
2. After determining the end by drawing it into a rectangular or square box, you need to select the base. As a rule, it is emphasized with a straight line, and small sticks are placed on the sides, as if "closing" a piece.
3. After the foundation, you need to find the root. In order to determine it, it is necessary to choose several root words. This process is not time-consuming, especially if the form is familiar and not very long. However, in some cases, the students still have difficulties at this stage. As a rule, this happens when the word being analyzed is little known or too long. In such situations, experts propose to first select the suffixes and prefixes, and only at the very end indicate the root. By the way, this morpheme is allocated with the help of an arc, which is placed from above.
4. After the root it is necessary to select a prefix. Find it is pretty simple. The prefix is indicated by a straight line (from above), tracing down a small line that separates it from the root.
5. At the last stage of parsing, the suffixes should be defined. They are designated by a corner. In most cases, it is with this part of the word that problems arise. There are a lot of suffixes. Moreover, they are diverse in meaning. The best option is to memorize the basic suffixes for each part of speech.

Composition of the word: examples of parsing

Now you know the order of parsing words by composition. Let's try to apply the presented algorithm in practice. To do this, we use three different words: "snowdrop", "repetition" and "help".

1. Let's analyze the word "snowdrop":

• Determine the ending. To do this, you need to change the word by case and number: "snowdrop", "snowdrop", "snowdrops" and soil. As you can see, this word has a zero ending.
• The basis is the whole word.
• Determine the root. For this it is required to choose the root words: "snow" ("g" and "g" - alternating consonants), "snow" and so on. Thus, the next part - the "snow" - is the root.
• We determine the prefix. The word "snowdrop" is the noun, which literally means "under the snow." That is, the prefix will be "under".
• Define the suffix. This is the most difficult. To do this, we need to select several single-root words that will help us understand how it was formed: "snow", "snow-covered", "snowdrop", "snowdrop". From this example it is clear that this word has two suffixes "n" and "ik".

2. Let's analyze the word "repetition":

• Determine the ending. To do this, you need to change the word by case: "repetition", "repetition", "repetition". As you can see, this word has the ending "e".
• The basis is the next part of the word - "repetition".
• Determine the root. For this, it is required to choose the root words: "repeat," echo ", etc. Thus, the next part of the" second "appears as the root.
• We determine the prefix. The word "repetition" is the noun. His prefix will be "by".
• Define the suffix. To do this, you need to select several single root words: "repeat", "repeat", "repeat", "repeat". From this example it is clear that this word has one suffix "eni".

3. Let's analyze the word "help":

• Determine the ending. To do this, you need to change the word, but "helping" is the initial form of the verb. Some textbooks claim that it has a zero ending, although most teachers recommend framing the next part - "th".
• The basis is the whole word or "helping".
• Determine the root. To do this, you need to choose the root words: "helped," helped, "" helped, "" can "(" g "and" g "- alternating consonants) and so on. Thus, the next part - "could" - is the root.
• We determine the prefix. The word "repetition" is an indefinite verb. His prefix will be "by".
• Define the suffix. In the initial form of the verb, a suffix is usually a vowel before "th". In this case it is the letter "a".

Let's sum up the results

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in determining the composition of a word. Answers to questions that may arise in the process of such analysis can be easily found by contacting a school textbook or your teacher.