Railroad station. RZD: map. Railway stations and nodes

Railway stations and nodes are complex technological facilities. These elements constitute a single track network. Further in the article we will consider these concepts in more detail.

Railway stations

These elements of the transport network are objects equipped with special devices that ensure the reception and sending of trains, the execution of their overtaking and crossing. In addition, the railway station allows you to issue and receive goods, as well as serve passengers. Developed track devices provide the formation and disassembly of trains, perform their maintenance. Depending on how much and the nature of the work is carried out, the railway station can have one of five classes or be extra-curricular. Belonging to this or that category is determined in accordance with the evaluation of the object's performance in points.

Appointment

The railway station is the main production and economic unit of the track network. At these facilities, the final and initial operations that make up the transportation process are carried out, as well as activities to ensure the movement of the convoys. About 75% of the time carload is spent at the station. The work of the facility is organized in accordance with the schedule for the movement of train trains, the plan for their formation, the effective use of technical equipment and the technological process. The procedure for using funds is regulated by a special administrative act. On its basis, the safe and unhindered departure and reception of trains, the trains of trains through the station, and the efficiency and rationality of internal shunting operations are monitored.

Activity of the object

The main principles, according to which the railway station operates, are:

1. Continuity of processing wagons and trains, reducing downtime in the process of waiting for future operations.
2. Reducing the time that is spent on the execution of each stage of work.
3. Maximum parallelism in the processing of trains.
4. Interaction of various specialists participating in the implementation of station operations.
5. The dispatcher's manual for the formation and analysis of trains.

Classification of paths

The station line within the boundaries of the stations can be:

1. The main.
2. Receiving and sending.
3. Loading and unloading.
4. Sorting.
5. Depot (wagon and locomotive facilities).
6. Extractor.
7. Connecting.

The latter leads to fuel bases, warehouses, container and treatment points, sorting and repair platforms. There are also other ways, the purpose of which is determined depending on the operations performed there. Special lines are designed to serve certain organizations and enterprises that are connected to the common railroad track by a continuous rail track. The activities of these routes also extend to safety deadlocks. They, in turn, serve to prevent the departure of rolling stock on the routes of trains. Special lines also serve for catching deadlocks, which are intended to stop trains or parts of them that have lost control during a long descent movement. Those ways that perform certain functions are united in the parks of reception, departure, sorting of trains and other things. The main lines are numbered with the help of Roman, station numbers are Arabic numerals.

Railway hubs

These objects are complex. They are a network of railway stations, access roads, bypass and connecting lines, posts at points of contiguity. Their structure also includes complexes of road junctions between themselves and with roads and city highways. The object includes a station (railway), a railway station, a depot and other elements.

Classification

Depending on the relative location of the approaches and stations, the railway nodes may belong to one or the other type. The characteristic is carried out on the basis of special schemes. So, the railway junction can be with one station. In this case, it is constructed with a small number of converging paths. The nodes may include stations located in parallel or in series. There are several types of complex objects. Railway nodes may include stations located crosswise. In this case, the existing line intersects at an angle. A node of this type is built with a small amount of processing and does not require the arrangement of a sorting station. There is also a triangular type of object. Such a unit is constructed in the case of significant correspondence of train traffic between all directions converging therein. Other types include radial, ring, dead-end, combined and semi-ring.

Treatment of formulations

The work of the station is determined in accordance with the technological process. One of the main documents regulating activities at the facility is a special administrative act. In Russia, it is compiled taking into account the PTE of Russian Railways. The object map is an integral part of the act. The technological process allows to establish the most rational order and duration of the execution of operations with wagons and convoys of different categories. At the same time, a scientific organization of work and management is envisaged, as well as the formation of integrated track brigades. Thanks to the complex of measures, a high culture of passenger transportation, cargo reception and shipment, as well as the fulfillment of planned tasks for the processing of wagons are ensured.

Technological process. Organization procedure

The technological process is compiled for precinct, sorting, freight and passenger railway stations. A competent organization of activities contributes to the increase of labor productivity, the safety of transported goods and the rolling stock itself. In addition, safety is provided for shunting operations and train traffic, as well as reducing the cost of carload processing. The technological process is developed by the engineering staff of the station in conjunction with the personnel of the wagon and locomotive depot, communications and signaling, distance of the track. The specialists of the power supply, loading and unloading sector participate in the preparation. Organization of the process is carried out in cooperation with the employees of the technology group, the road design bureau. When compiling the documentation, the features and operating conditions of each particular station are taken into account.

Technical and administrative act

The procedure, which is established by this document, is mandatory for execution by employees of all services. The regulatory act includes general information about the facility, the reception and dispatch of trains, the formation of shunting operations, and information on safety measures. The annex, as an obligatory component of the document, contains a map of railway stations, sheets, charts, instructions and other data related to the organization of rational activities of all services. In the premises where the duty, shunting dispatchers, car inspectors are located, in the switch posts, extracts from the administrative act are posted.