Preservation and abandonment of wells: operating procedure

добывающих предприятий осуществляется в условиях, несопоставимых с обстоятельствами прекращения работы производственных участков организаций других народнохозяйственных отраслей. Conservation and the liquidation of wells of mining enterprises are carried out in conditions that are not comparable with the circumstances of the termination of the work of production sites of organizations of other national economic sectors. The difference is that in the event of failure to take appropriate measures, there is a risk of adverse effects on the environment. With the passage of time, this threat will only increase.

Adverse effects

, выполненные с нарушениями требований, могут привести к: Conservation and the liquidation of wells , performed with violations of requirements, may lead to:

1. Deformations of the earth's surface, structures, buildings located in the mining area. Such consequences are caused by geomechanical processes taking place in the rock mass.
2. Pollution of the water basin. This is due to the mixing of surface and quarry (mine) waters.
3. Air pollution. Negative influence on the atmosphere is caused by the release of mine gases and erosive processes occurring on the surface of the sides and ledges, dumps.
4. The deterioration of geological conditions in connection with the continuation of geophysical, geomechanical processes in the bowels.

должны сопровождаться мероприятиями, предотвращающими негативное влияние на окружающую среду. Considering the danger of consequences, the work on the liquidation of wells must be accompanied by measures that prevent negative impact on the environment.

Regulatory requirements

In the Russian Federation, special regulations apply to entities that have decided to stop mining. In particular, the Instruction on the order of liquidation / conservation of wells is in force. It was adopted in accordance with Article 26 of the Federal Law "On Subsoil". According to general provisions:

1. и других производственных участков добывающих предприятий осуществляется по окончании срока действия разрешительного документа (лицензии) либо в случае досрочного прекращения использования недр. Elimination of wells and other production sites of extractive enterprises is carried out at the end of the validity period of the permit (license) or in case of early termination of subsoil use.
2. Before the completion of the process, the operating entities bear the responsibility entrusted to them by law.
3. Activities should ensure the safety of public health, nature protection, facilities / buildings.
4. оформляются на момент окончания мероприятий. In the course of compulsory termination of the functioning of the sites, surveying, geological, other documentation and the act of liquidation of the well are formalized at the end of the events. The securities are deposited in accordance with the established procedure.
5. Activities are considered to be completed after the certification of the certificate by the bodies that issued the license and carry out the mining supervision.
6. All procedures are performed at the expense of enterprise users or at the expense of a fund created by the investor.

Instruction on the order of liquidation of wells

This document defines the rules for the termination of the functioning of production sites laid for prospecting, exploration, exploitation of hydrocarbon pools, deposits of geological structures for the formation of storage facilities, burial of hazardous industrial waste, industrial effluent. , пробуренных для устранения фонтанов и грифонов. According to the established regulations, the liquidation of oil wells drilled to eliminate fountains and griffins is also carried out. Control measures taken by Rostekhnadzor. The authorized body carries out activities in accordance with the Regulation on implementation of state policy in the field of supervision of compliance with the requirements of industrial safety.

Well Completion Project

It reflects:

1. Geological and hydrological characteristics of subsoil.
2. The state of off-balance and balance reserves of minerals. This information is provided as of the date of the termination of mining activities. At the same time, they separately describe the reserves that are on sites not affected by the work, and the remaining resources on previously extinguished and operating horizons, including industrial ones, with a division into finished, prepared and uncovered horizons.
3. The prospect of growth in the volume of PI.
4. Sites of penetration of harmful and toxic compounds into the enclosing massif, the burial and storage of which was carried out in an underground structure that ceased functioning.
5. Status of excavations, safety and barrier pillars, as well as hydraulic installations. Here, too, an assessment is made of their stability, preventing the likelihood of water breakthrough, pulp, gas to neighboring sites and mines.
6. The state of sanitary and industrial areas, facilities, buildings, ventilation and drainage installations and other stationary equipment.
7. Assessment of the state of the external environment.
8. Probable formation of cracks, dips, flooding, swamping of the surface, other negative phenomena after conservation / disposal of the well and their impact on nature.
9. Zones of penetration of mine / mine aggressive waters into aquifers and the enclosing rock massif.

Planning

предписывает также включать в документ сроки, последовательность, способы осуществления необходимых процедур. The instruction on liquidation of wells prescribes also to include in the document terms, sequence, ways of implementing the necessary procedures. In particular, we are talking about activities for:

1. Ensuring the stability of excavations or their artificial collapse. This is necessary to prevent unacceptable deformations and land surface failures.
2. Prevention of pollution of water bodies and subsoil.
3. Prevention of penetration of harmful gases into the atmosphere and surface structures.
4. Elimination of cracks, failures, fencing of all dangerous sites.
5. Reclamation of land.
6. Prevention of waterlogging, flooding of the surface, violation of hydrogeological conditions.
7. Prevention of falling into the dips and production of animals and people.
8. Prevention of damage to structures, buildings, communications (terrestrial and underground) located in the zone of negative impact of canned / liquidated objects.
9. Preservation of the basic surveying and geodetic network.
10. Elimination of foci of underground ignition (if any).
11. Prevention of activation of threatening geomechanical processes (landslides, landslides, etc.).
12. Ensuring the safety of activities. . In particular, there are provisions for the prevention / elimination of accidents in the well .

Nuances

, расположенных под застроенными площадями, предписывает пользователям предусматривать закладку выработок, находящихся выше безопасных глубин, или предпринимать конструктивные меры защиты, обеспечивающие безопасность при эксплуатации сооружений / зданий. The procedure for the conservation / abandonment of wells located under built-up areas requires users to provide for the laying of workings that are above safe depths or to take constructive protective measures to ensure safety in the operation of structures / buildings. At the termination of the functioning of the facility on the initiative of the extracting enterprise in connection with the non-profitability of the subsurface, the documentation includes a corresponding technical and economic calculation. с неотработанными запасами ископаемых в пределах отвода осуществляется после анализа целесообразности их последующего учета или списания с госбаланса. Elimination of wells with undeveloped reserves of fossils within the allotment is carried out after analysis of the expediency of their subsequent accounting or write-off from the state balance.

Additional Features

The liquidation project should provide for activities that enable the use of:

1. Remaining balance and economically viable resources for extracting off-balance resources (including those that are in the pillars).
2. Deposited fossils. They include substandard stocks.
3. Wastes from the extraction / processing of raw materials containing components that are useful or suitable for the production of building materials.
4. Mining, wells designed for purposes that are not related to mining.

special instructions

Design of conservation / abandonment of wells in cases where it is planned to prepare underground excavations for further operation for purposes other than extraction of minerals is carried out in accordance with the terms of the license for the use of reserves. Technical measures in specific or complex areas are determined by special research and other competent organizations that carry out activities on the basis of permits issued by Gosgortechnadzor. With wet conservation, the project specifies the duration of its permissible duration without loss of workings, the possible duration of drainage, the restoration of ventilation, the repair of the support, lifting and other equipment. The document also defines the rules of work, technical support, the frequency of monitoring the state of excavations and their impact on nature.

Technical Activities

и иных участков добычи может осуществляться подземным или открытым способом. The liquidation of oil wells and other mining areas can be carried out by underground or open method. In the first case, the following activities are performed:

1. Filling of rocks with holes that appeared on the surface in connection with collapse, fencing of potentially dangerous areas.
2. Backfilling of vertical mine and mine shafts, as well as inclined objects with an angle of more than 45 degrees. Filling is carried out to the level of the earth's surface. In this case, the trunks are reliably covered by two shelves of metal / reinforced concrete beams. One is installed at the depth of the bedrock, but not less than 10 m from the surface, the other - at ground level. A strong fence is installed around the mouth of the trunk, the height of which should not be less than 2.5 m, and a drainage ditch. The distance at which these structures are arranged is determined by the project.
3. Inclined trunks, other workings with an angle of less than 45 degrees, the mouths of which open on the surface, the galleries removed 4-6 m deep from the level of bedrock, are covered with a reinforced concrete or stone bridge. From above, the rock is filled and tamped. On top of it, another reinforced concrete or stone bridge is installed.
4. Shafts with an angle of inclination greater than 45 degrees, regardless of depth, should be covered.
5. The mouths of inclined and vertical excavations opening in floodplains of rivers and reservoirs, in the places of probable formation of flood waters, are clipped to prevent a breakthrough. They are blocked and denoted by long-term distinctive signs.

Assessment of the risk of formation of dips

предписывает выполнение анализа опасности. The procedure for liquidation of the well prescribes the execution of a hazard analysis. Assessment of the risk of formation of dips is based on the volume of voids left in the array. When located above the workings with depths of up to 20 m (m is the extractable power of the fossil), structures and buildings with rocky bedding of rocks or when these objects are found in potentially dangerous areas, precautionary measures are taken when developing round and inclined layers and ore deposits. The boundaries of the areas in which there are likely failures over inclined structures are established by the project. The calculation of the expected area of rock displacement is taken into account. When the depth of the inclined development is more than 80 m, the projection of the isohypsum is taken outside the zone of dips on the side of incidence. It passes through the axis of the site. , опасных по газу, включает в себя определение границ площади его выделения, уровень риска на таких участках. The liquidation of gas-hazardous wells includes the determination of the boundaries of the area of its isolation, the level of risk in such areas. At the same time, special measures are envisaged to ensure control of emissions, protection from penetration into land installations, including residential ones.

Open method

таким методом включает в себя следующие мероприятия. The elimination of wells in this way includes the following measures. Fences or embankments are set up (shafts not less than 2.5 m high at a distance of not less than 5 m behind the proposed prism of collapse of the upper ledges of the openings / quarries). This measure is aimed at preventing the fall of animals and people. It is also possible to carry out other measures, for example, flattening the sides on the ledges. At the same time, their stability is assessed taking into account flooding. и объектов, связанных с добычей ископаемых, растворимых в воде, на поверхности которых располагаются сооружения, здания, производится по планам, составляемым в соответствии со спецификой месторождения, горногеологических и прочих условий организациями, имеющими лицензии Госгортехнадзора. The liquidation of wells and objects associated with the extraction of fossils soluble in water, on the surface of which buildings and buildings are located, is carried out according to plans compiled in accordance with the specifics of the deposit, mining and other conditions by organizations licensed by the Gosgortechnadzor.

Additionally

Elimination of oil wells of operational type provides, depending on the period of use, the possibility of studying the restored areas. On adjacent objects, security must be ensured. The technical measures include:

1. Verification of the correctness of drawing on the graphical documents the contours of excavations, which are adjacent to the boundaries of the outlet.
2. Installation of insulating bridges, preventing breakthroughs of gas, water or the spread of fires (underground).

In the conservation / liquidation of objects on which piezo-optical and quartz-color raw materials are extracted, measures are taken to prevent outsiders from accessing valuable mineralogical components.

Checks

Control of the safety of workings, gas and oil wells, which are in a closed condition, is carried out by methods and within the timeframe established in the plan. Checks are carried out at least twice a year and in case of a natural disaster. Inspections of liquidated objects are conducted at least once a year. The audit is carried out by a specialized commission. Its composition is approved by Gosgortekhnadzor. For violation of the requirements established by the legislation and the Instruction, the perpetrators may be held liable in accordance with the procedure established by the rules.

Objects including waste storage facilities and hydraulic structures

Upon their liquidation, the following measures are planned and carried out:

1. Adjustment of drive parameters to values that ensure their long-term stability. In particular, the correction of the angles, the height of slopes, etc.,
2. Provides protection of structures against wind and water erosion.
3. The accumulators, formed by radioactive and toxic waste, are isolated from the infiltration of precipitation.
4. The bases are protected from erosion and flooding by atmospheric and flood waters.
5. Aggregates from rocks prone to spontaneous combustion are isolated from infiltration of sediments and air access to the massif.

Harmonization of documentation

It is carried out in the organs of Gosgortechnadzor. To receive approval, the company sends a letter with the attachment:

1. The list of buildings and buildings to be transferred.
2. The layout of the excavations and wells.
3. Geological map and sections, characterizing the structure of the site.
4. Projects of measures to protect objects from the negative impact of mining development of the liquidated / canned zone.

In case of unfinished processes of land surface displacement, the written consent of the receiving enterprise to perform systematic monitoring of deformations is attached and all the cases of their occurrence should be notified to the supervisory and supervisory authority.