Pine forest: characteristic and ecosystem. Animals and plants of a pine forest

At least once in the life of many urban residents there was a desire to escape from vanity and civilization. Resort areas of Turkey or Egypt with their impossible to fast rhythm of life clearly do not fit a tired person. I want to find some calming place where there is no electricity, a mobile phone does not work, transport and other "delights" of civilization do not flash before my eyes. For this purpose, a pine forest is perfect (the photo below shows it in all its glory).

Panacea for all diseases

Most people use the pine forest only as a source of Christmas trees, without even realizing what a huge benefit it brings to the whole of mankind. This is an excellent place for the prevention and treatment of lung and nerve diseases. The air here is several times cleaner than in the hospital operating room. And this is explained by the fact that all trees produce a substance such as phytoncid. Deciduous plants can secrete close to two kilograms of these compounds per day, and coniferous plants - up to five. Particularly active are phytoncides in sunny weather. Pine forest can be called sterile, because there is practically no dust. It settles on the resinous bark and branches, and is washed to the ground with rain. By the way, during the Second World War in the coniferous forests, field hospitals were often arranged . In pine, spruce, juniper groves operations were conducted in the open air, and there was not a single case of infection. Here the air is so saturated with essential oils that the wounds healed almost before our eyes. But that's not all. It turns out that coniferous forest helps even from a hangover! Clean air helps to eliminate headaches, but overdoing is not recommended, since oxygen saturation can happen. In everything you need to know the measure. And especially useful is the pine forest for tuberculosis patients.

Natural First aid Box

Here you can collect and prepare a lot of natural and environmentally friendly medicines. People have been using alcohol tinctures on the pollen of coniferous trees for more than one century. Pine grease perfectly heals wounds and cracks of the skin. With rheumatism recommend to use infusion of pine buds. Young needles help in the fight against scurvy. While English and Spanish sailors lost up to 70 percent of the crew because of it, Siberian navigators did not even know about the existence of such a disease. To make a vitamin cocktail, you need four glasses of fresh (better young) needles to pour water (three glasses), let it brew, and then you can use twice a day for one hundred milliliters. Pine cones are good at rehabilitating after strokes, and all thanks to the fact that they contain a large number of tannins.

"Immortal life"

If to generalize useful actions of needles, wood and bark, it turns out that the pine forest is able to control the level of cholesterol, prevent heart disease, improve immunity. In addition, various coniferous tinctures contribute to the normalization of metabolism and, accordingly, weight loss. Scientists have found that pine wood contains a substance such as DHA (dehydroquercetin), which is capable of binding free radicals of cells. The use of DHA leads to an improvement in the skin condition, prolongation of its youth and general improvement of the body. Our country is very fortunate that such a large number of pine, spruce and other coniferous forests grow on its territory. After all, the extraction of dehydroquercetin from other raw materials, for example, from rose petals, grape seed, citrus fruit, is a very expensive activity. DHA for today has no analogues in terms of the level of biological activity.

Plants of a pine forest

The crown of the pine is relatively loose, delicate, so it lets a lot of light. Therefore, in such forests there is no strong shading, which contributes to the development of a very different plant community than in spruce and deciduous massifs. Plants of the lower tiers receive enough light for their development. However, in pine forests there is much less moisture, this microclimate causes the biogeocoenosis of the pine forest. Depending on the type of soil, various representatives of the flora will dominate here. So, on very poor and dry sandstones, under the trees lichens rustle with carpets. On damp but poor soils, bilberry thickets are most often present. In forests located on sufficiently fatty soils of medium humidity (that is, with abundant nutrient content), the acid grows. In the pine forests, the ground is often covered with a moss carpet, against which background the grasses and shrubs feel good: blueberries, lingonberries, mushrooms, wintergreen and others.

Lichen boron

Very strongly from other pine forests is a forest growing on especially poor and dry soils. The trees here are rather low, oppressed, they grow rarely. There is a lot of light in this forest. Therefore, plants common here are common for spruce and deciduous plantations. For example, here there is a heather - a low bush, which in the end of summer attracts attention with its unusually beautiful flowering. It is densely covered with very small pink and purple flowers, and in the forest a magical, fabulous setting is created. In dry pines, low grass is common - the cat's foot, it has leaves with a bluish, silvery hue. Blossoms with small buds-baskets of white or pink color. A white lichen, one of the subspecies of deer moss, also develops well here .

Owl and green perch - eternal companions of pine forest

As already mentioned, the pine forest grows mainly on poor sandy soils. This affects the species of fungi that can be found in it. But their number is affected by the age of the forest. So, in young animals, beginning with the second year, the first oily males appear, they grow in the grass under separate trees or between rows. The yield of this fungus grows annually and will reach its peak in 10-15 years, then it begins to decline. When the pine forest grows, here appears green. This fungus grows in large groups, but there are also single specimens. Most greenfish can be found in the lowlands - in young, middle-aged and adult forests.

Other mushrooms

Oleoresides and greens are the most productive, however these are not the only fungi of pine forests. On the plain places you can find a gray sergeant, a white fungus and its variety (it has a yellow-brown hat and a comparatively thin cylindrical stalk.) In young trees, feces of autumn, or real ones , abundantly bear fruit. They are families growing on stumps or around trunks. Also in the young pine forest there are red-haired, growing in groups in humid lowlands and on clearings. In the damp forests, goats and moss-eaters, rosy marshmallows, greychiki gray-pink have taken root. In autumn in moderately moist groves there may be podgruzki black. And on forest glades and fringes you can find a real delicacy - a mushroom umbrella mottled.

If along with the pines there are other species of trees, the variety of fungi will increase significantly. There may appear poderezozikov, and blue, and russula, and volzhanki, and gnocchi black, and many others.

Poisonous mushrooms

In pine forests, pale toadstools and fly agarics are very common: panther, greyish-shaped and red. Around the withered trees, on the stumps, large groups of poisonous falsely-sprouted gray-yellow. Grown-up rats are scattered in large pine forests. Among them there are edible and poisonous species.

Animal world

The largest inhabitants of the pine forest are cloven-hoofed animals (wild boars, elks, deer). The most common are deer - very beautiful and relatively trusting animals. They may differ depending on the place of residence by the size of the body, as well as the structure of the horns. The next representatives of the fauna are bears. These animals are the most famous forest inhabitants, not without reason they are called the symbol of the forest. About them, many legends and fairy tales are composed. However, today due to intensive hunting for them, the clubfoot became quite rare. This king of the forest can feel safe only in protected areas. We listed only the most prominent inhabitants, but not all. Ask the child who lives in the forest, and he will call you a fox, a wolf, a hare, a hedgehog. All this is the animals of the pine forest. Of the most famous birds, one should mention magpie and, of course, wood grouse, but there are also others, and quite a lot. The most important thing is to find time to learn more about them. Well, it's best to go to the pine forest yourself, breathe a clean and healing air and just relax in peace and quiet. It should be remembered that the forest is not only a home for animals, but also the lungs of our planet. And for a knowledgeable person, he will become a friend, helper, pantry and pharmacy.

Take care of the forest!