Philosophical problems of social and humanitarian sciences: historical reality

Historical reality is the fundamental basis for the existence of man as a social being. It acquires the status of a comprehensive reality, because outside of it the existence of any objects is very problematic, and therefore, together with the historical consciousness act as philosophical problems of the humanities. The historical process, understood in this way, acquires the qualities of the ontological foundation of all that exists. At the same time, there is an opinion that history is the embodiment of a changeable, imperishable.

Yes, of course, history, understood as a heap of random events, of disparate facts does not create a sense of stability and permanence. This is an external, superficial understanding of the nature of historical reality. Philosophical problems of science are also that if we consider history as a single, unidirectional process within which changes are possible, in which case history can act as an ontological basis. This process unfolds and exists due to the activity of the historical subject comprehending it. Perception, cognition and interpretation of the historical process by the subject occur through the representation of the "idea of history" in the historical consciousness as a philosophical problem of science organically incorporating the philosophical problems of the natural sciences.

The historical process, like other philosophical problems of the humanities, is the subject field for a large number of natural scientific disciplines. Given the specifics of this research subject, its objective reflection is possible only at the theoretical level. Humanity has developed several paradigms of historical awareness: theological, philosophical and scientific. But from them, it is philosophy that enables a scientist to reflect on historical reality on a high categorical level, which in potency can be expressed in the form of general historical theories. In them, empirical history is combined with a theoretical history, and a synthesis of historical and logical in a conceptual form occurs.

The picture of social reality can be fixed in the behavior of people, in the character of their value orientations, in the forms of political organization and, in the so-called "idea of history". The philosophical problems of the social sciences, including the "idea of history," appear in this context as a special dynamic education whose purpose is to overcome the contradictions of being in the course of everyday activities.

A philosophically understood idea acts as a definite source not only of a theoretical, but also of a practically-spiritual, value attitude to reality. The "idea of history" understood in this context seems to be a theoretical worldview-methodological entity. It acts as an ontological prerequisite for the existence of a historical person: it is the self-awareness of a person in time through experiencing it. It is the concept of the "idea of history" that allows us to grasp and express the continuous process of social existence in a space of historical dimension.

A person always lives in history, but only when he begins to understand its special value and significance, there arises a holistic historical and philosophical conception, in fact, philosophical problems of the humanities are formed whose main task is to express this value by rational means, to present it in the form of a systematized "idea stories". In the work of the historian, the "idea of history" contributes to the formation of a holistic image of the historical process. At the same time, each epoch has its own, specific idea of the "idea of history", which is the basic element of the picture of social reality. The dynamics of social life leads to a change in the picture of social reality, which entails a change in the "idea of history." Following this logic, we come to the conclusion that the very notion of the "idea of history" is historic.