How many people live in Russia? Composition of the population of Russia. Russia: territory, population

How many people live in Russia? Surely this issue is of interest to most of the population of our country. According to Rosstat, as of March 30, 2014, the number of permanent residents of the Russian Federation was 146,019,512 people. At the same time, sixty-five percent of people live in the European part of the country, occupying less than eighteen percent of the total territory, of which the population of Central Russia is about thirty percent. This indicates that the composition of the population is very unevenly distributed. As of 2014, the population density is 8.4 people. Per one square kilometer. In cities there are 73.86 percent of all inhabitants (information for 2013).

Quantity Accounting

In the Russian Empire, the first census was conducted in 1897, it demonstrated that the population (within the present borders) was 67 million 473 thousand people. Now in the Russian Federation, the population dynamics are regularly monitored. The statistics of the population of Russia is maintained by means of the current account of the natural movement carried out by Rosstat and its territorial bodies, as well as civil registry offices; The current registration of the migration movement, carried out upon arrival by the passport offices. But, of course, the most important type of census is the census. The last census of the Russian population was conducted in 2010. Also, the current account is in place, allowing at any time to assess the demographic situation in the state.

National composition

The Constitution says that Russia is a multinational state. Representatives of more than one hundred and eighty people live on its territory. The Russian population of Russia (according to the 2010 census) is 77.71 percent of the total number of inhabitants (111 million out of 142.9 million people). People of other nationalities, as well as those who did not specify the nationality of the person, make up (according to the 2010 census) a little more than 22.2 percent of the population (31.8 million). For comparison, let us cite the data of the previous census conducted in 2002. Then the statistics of the population of Russia by national composition differed slightly. Out of the total number of inhabitants of 145.2 million people, Russian citizens were 115.9 million (79.83 percent), people of other nationalities and 29.3 million (20.2 percent) who did not specify the nationality of the person. The Russian population is very unevenly distributed throughout the territory. For example, in such regions of the country as Dagestan, Chechnya, Ingushetia, the number of Russians is less than five percent of the total number of inhabitants.

Languages

More than a hundred languages and dialects related to the Altai, Uralic, Indo-European language families, Paleo-Asiatic and Caucasian linguistic groups, says the country's population. Russia at the same time has only one official language - Russian (Article 68 of the Constitution). He is a native of about one hundred and thirty million people, which is about 92% of the population. The most common spoken languages, besides Russian, are Ukrainian, Belarusian, Ossetian, Armenian, German (belong to the Indo-European family), Chuvash, Bashkir, Tatar (belong to the Altai family), Mari, Erzya, Udmurt (belong to the Ural family), Avarian , Chechen, Dargin (refer to the Nakh-Daghestanian languages), Kabardino-Circassian (refers to the Abkhaz-Adygean family).

The Republic of the Russian Federation has the right to establish its official languages. For example, in Karachay-Cherkessia, in addition to Russian, the status of state institutions is also Karachai, Abazin, Circassian, and Nogai. UNESCO recognized in 2009 one hundred and thirty-six languages used in Russia, which are at the stage of disappearance.

Religions

The Russian Federation is a secular state. The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion for residents: they give the right to profess any religion or not to profess any, and freely choose and disseminate their beliefs. The religious composition of the population of Russia is also multifaceted, like the national one. In the country there live Christians and Muslims, Jews and Buddhists. There are pagans and convinced atheists. Most citizens consider themselves Orthodox. In general, official statistics in the field of religions are not maintained. The question of religion was raised for the last time in the 1937 census. According to the polls of the All-Russia Public Opinion Research Center, a little more than half of the inhabitants of the Russian Federation consider themselves believers, of whom only ten percent regularly go to church and observe all rituals and rituals. And the remaining forty-three percent attend the church only on holidays and rituals, they do not observe rituals. One-third of respondents (thirty-one percent) admit that God exists, but little interest in church life. Approximately six percent of respondents are convinced atheists, and eight percent do not even think about attitudes toward religion.

Russia: territory, population

The main strip of settlement is a triangle, the northern peak of which is St. Petersburg, the southern one is Sochi, and the eastern one is Irkutsk. To the south-east of this triangle are the deserts and semi-deserts, to the north - the zones of permafrost and taiga. Speaking about how many people live in Russia, we already noted that the main part of the population is concentrated in the central part of the country. In Siberia, the area of which is almost three-quarters of the entire territory, less than twenty percent of people live. The urban population of Russia is concentrated mainly in the middle section of the European part (from Moscow to Ufa) and in the south (from Sochi to Derbent).

In the Far East and Siberia, the bulk of the population is settled along the Trans-Siberian Railway. In this part of the population of Russian cities is represented by residents of Novosibirsk, Omsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Vladivostok, Khabarovsk. Also many people live in the Kuzbass region. As of 2012, in the Russian Federation there are fifteen cities with a million population (with a population of more than a million). This is Moscow, St. Petersburg, Ekaterinburg, Samara, Novosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Rostov-on-Don, Kazan, Omsk, Perm, Ufa, Krasnoyarsk, Volgograd, Voronezh. To the largest settlements, the so-called sub-millionaires, in which the number of inhabitants has not yet reached one million, is still attributed to Krasnodar, Saratov and Togliatti. The population of Russian cities, listed above, is almost a quarter of the total (twenty-two percent). In hundred sixty five settlements of the country (according to 2012) live more than one hundred thousand people.

Population of Russia by years

It's no secret that in the last decade, there has been a demographic crisis in the Russian Federation. Only in 2013 the situation has improved somewhat, and the natural growth of the population was recorded throughout the country as a whole . About how many people live in Russia now, we have already said. Now let's see how the situation has changed over the past few years.

2006

According to Rosstat, in 2006, 1 million 496.6 thousand people were born in Russia (22.2 thousand more than in the previous year), 2 million 166.7 thousand people died (by 137.2 thousand less than in The previous year). Thus, the birth rate was 10.4, and the death rate was 15.2. The loss of the population - 687.1 thousand people, which is 159.5 thousand less than in 2005. Taking into account the migration growth, the total loss amounted to 532.6 thousand people. During the period under review, the indicator of life expectancy increased significantly. So, if in 2005 it was 65.3 years, then in 2006 it grew to 66.8 years. For men, for the first time since 1998, life expectancy exceeded the retirement age and was 60.37 years (compared with 2005 plus 1.5 years), and for women - 73.23 years (plus 0.83 years).

2007

The composition of the population of Russia in this period has changed somewhat, because the migration growth has significantly increased - by 67.1 percent (103.7 thousand people) in comparison with the previous year. Due to this, the demographic situation worsened. During the year, 1 million 610.1 thousand people were born, and 2 million 080.4 thousand died. The birth rate was 11.3, the death rate was 14.6. Thus, in comparison with 2006, 130.5 thousand (8.8%) people were born more, and died at 86.3 thousand (4 percent) less. In October 2007, a record number of children appeared in the last fifteen years - 154.3 thousand. In general, in all republics of the country in 2007 there was an increase in the number of births, a natural increase was observed in twenty-one regions. Even in the Magadan Region, the number of newborns increased from 1,820 people to 1,825 in comparison to the previous year. The natural decline was 470,300 people, of which 212,100 were lost in the permanent population.

2008 year

The demographic situation continued to improve. One million 713.9 thousand people were born, and 2 million 075.9 thousand died. The birth rate was 12, the death rate was 14.5. The natural loss is 362 thousand people, of which the decrease in the permanent population is 104.9 thousand. The migration growth has slightly decreased, but only slightly: from 258.2 thousand to 257.1 thousand. Nevertheless, it compensated for the loss of the population by seventy-one percent.

year 2009

Demographic indicators, again, improved. One million 761.7 thousand people were born, and 2 million 10.5 thousand died. The birth rate was 12.3, and the death rate was 14.1. The natural loss is 249.4 thousand people. Due to the migration increase, which fully compensated for the natural decline, for the first time in fifteen years in comparison with the previous year, the population of the country increased and amounted to 141 927 297 people in 2009, which is twenty-three thousand more than in 2008 of the year. In sixty-seven regions there was an increase in the number of births, in seventy-five regions there was a decrease in the number of deaths.

2010 year

During this period, 1 million 178.9 thousand people were born, 2 million 28.5 thousand died. The birth rate was 12.5, the death rate was 14.2. A slight increase in the death rate in comparison with 2009 can be explained by the abnormal heat that hit Russia in July-August 2010. The natural loss, amounting to 239.6 thousand people, was fully compensated by migration growth. As we already informed, in 2010 the next population census was conducted. According to her, the number of residents of Russia was 142 905 200 people.

2011

In January-April of the period under review, the birth rate decreased by 14.1 percent compared to the same period of the previous year. Mortality also decreased - by 20.6 percent. The natural decline significantly decreased and amounted to 129.1 thousand people per year. Migration growth - 320.1 thousand.

year 2012

One million 902.1 thousand people were born, which is 5.9 percent (105.5 thousand) more than in 2011. Died 1 million 906.3 thousand people, which is 1 percent (19.4 thousand) less than in 2011. The natural decline was only 4251 people - with the previous year this is a tangible difference. Migration growth slightly decreased - 294.9 thousand. In forty regions of the country there was a natural increase (in 2011 - only in twenty-eight subjects).

year 2013

For the first time in many years, more people were born than died. Although, in comparison with 2012, there were fewer babies - only 1 million 895.8 thousand. But a much smaller number of people died - 1 million 871.8 thousand. Thus, the natural increase was 24,013 people, it was already observed in forty-three regions of Russia. Migration growth remained practically at the same level - 295.8 thousand.

year 2014

The latest statistics are available as of January-February 2014. For two months, 301.5 thousand people were born in Russia, which is 391 people less than for the same period of 2013. Died 317.9 thousand, which is 11 376 less than in January-February 2013. As a result, natural loss amounted to 16 427 people, which is much less than the figure of the previous period - 27 412 people. In thirty-four regions of the country there was a natural increase.

Lifespan

Of course, it is important to know how many people live in Russia. But no less significant question: "How many people live in Russia?" The WHO annual report in 2013 reported that among the entire population of Central Asia and Europe, Russian men have the shortest life expectancy. They on average survive only to 62.8 years, which is very unfortunate. For comparison: the longest life expectancy of the male population is noted in Israel - 80.1 years. In Spain, this figure is 78.8 years, and in the UK - 78.4 years.

Demographic trends

It should be noted that the age structure of the population of the Russian Federation has deteriorated significantly in recent years, the number of Russians who are of working age is declining, while the number of pensioners is growing rapidly. Researchers predict that in the coming decades, Russia may be overtaken by the crisis of pension reform, since working citizens will not be able to contain a rapidly growing number of pensioners.

Also, the staff of the Institute for Demographic Studies expect that the number of Russian population will decrease, since the birth rate in families is relatively low, people prefer to have no more than one child, a maximum of two, which, of course, affects demographic trends. At the same time, for example, in Caucasian families, the birth rate is much higher, therefore, the number of these peoples in the total number of residents will gradually increase. Such a situation can not but alarm.

The way out is seen only in raising the standard of living of people, in the health of the population, in giving citizens the opportunity to adequately support and educate their children. Also, a strong policy should be pursued to strengthen the family institution in all areas of activity and all areas. It should be noted that the decline in the birth rate is a problem not only of Russia, but also of the global scale.