Papillary thyroid cancer and other types

Papillary thyroid cancer - atypical dysplasia of thyroid cells, which has unlimited rapid growth, is able to germinate into neighboring organs and tissues and has a metastatic ability.

One of the most frequent cancers of this organ is papillary thyroid cancer, which progresses quickly enough and metastasizes, but with adequate therapy the disease recedes.

The tumor originates from an absolutely healthy tissue of the gland and at the initial stages of development resembles a cyst. The consistency of the gland becomes uneven, loose, the number of solid or cystic lesions may increase.
This type of cancer often sprouts into the lymph nodes (cervical, submandibular, axillary). If the metastases are in the cervical lymph nodes, the relapse is almost inevitable, but the risk of death is low.

But if the cancer begins to germinate in the capsule of the gland, then the forecast, alas, is unfavorable. In such situations, recurrent attacks occur that threaten the patient's life.

The causes that cause papillary thyroid cancer are not fully understood. There are many theories of the degeneration of normal thyroid cells into tumor cells, but none of them has 100% of the evidence base. The development of all carcinogenic processes is important radiation, frequent insolation, the impact of chemical factors, improper nutrition and the intake of hormonal drugs. However, it can not be said with certainty that this particular factor has triggered the process of cell mutation, it can only be assumed.

In the development of oncology, sex and age play an important role. According to statistics, more often this disease affects women after thirty. That is why a regular examination is recommended at this age. Papillary thyroid cancer is well treatable, especially in the early stages. After a course of chemotherapy, a complete cure is possible.

The second on the occurrence of cancer is the follicular cancer of the thyroid gland. The tumor affects patients aged over 40 years and has a malignant course. This cancer rarely metastasizes to the lymph nodes, however, this does not reduce the likelihood of metastasizing to other organs. Often with this tumor, metastases are found in the bones and internal organs. If metastasis of cancer is diagnosed, then prognostically this is already an unfavorable course and possibly a recurrence with a fatal outcome.

Medullary thyroid cancer - is on the third place in the five of the most frequently encountered thyroid cancers. Unlike its predecessor, the medullary cancer originates from the thyroid C-cells, which produce the hormone calcitonin. Due to the fact that this hormone is not involved in the metabolism, we will not see a bright clinical picture of the disease.

This disease is much heavier than papillary cancer, and a further prognosis for recovery is also much worse. Nevertheless, these patients after the treatment live long enough (a ten-year survival rate of 90%), but if we take into account that basically we are talking about young patients, then this is not enough.

A specific clinical sign of medullary cancer is the occurrence of ganglion on the mucous in the mouth and pharynx. Often they grow to a considerable extent, respectively, make it difficult to swallow food.

As for the treatment of cancer of any etiology and histology, it directly depends on the size of the tumor. If the node reaches small sizes and does not grow into surrounding tissues, then it will be enough to remove it. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy is carried out only if there are strict indications and the patient's ability to transfer it. In other cases, chemotherapy is not appropriate. In the case of hormonal imbalance, patients should receive hormones to stabilize the condition.