Outbound tourism. Technology of outbound tourism

In a social society, every adult healthy person engages in work. The efficiency of each one depends directly on good health, therefore, a timely rest is necessary for any person. The Labor Code guarantees us rest during the holidays. What is rest? This is a process that restores mental and physical performance, as well as the spiritual and moral strength of a person. Tourism is a journey, the goal of which can be cognitive, therapeutic and recreational, religious, sports. In recent decades, outbound tourism is rapidly developing, allowing tourists to travel abroad. Tourism, in addition to social orientation, has an important economic component.

Technologies, classifications of tourism

The economic efficiency of tourism is largely determined by the classification of its forms. Classification is a grouping of similar, homogeneous features that depend on certain goals. Each form is characterized by the peculiar needs of tourists, a certain set of services that will meet these needs. The manufacturing process includes:

• Type of tourism;
• Form of tourism;
• A kind of tourism.

At the heart of the form of tourism is a country sign, that is, whether or not the tourist crosses. On this basis two main forms are distinguished: international (inbound, outbound) and domestic tourism.

Domestic tourism is a domestic direction, a journey inside the country, within the Russian Federation, of persons who are constantly living here. In turn, it can be social and amateur. Usually, each country is interested in the development of domestic tourism, as the foreign exchange resources remain inside the state, this stimulates the economy.

International tourism is also called foreign, that is, it is an exit or entry into another country. A feature of outbound tourism is the departure of Russian citizens abroad. Inbound tourism is a journey of persons in our country who do not reside permanently in the territory of the Russian Federation. Those firms that engage in inbound tourism are called host (receptive) firms. Russia is a huge country with great potential for tourism development. Unfortunately, the tourist resources are not used in full force.

The development of international tourism is affected by many factors, they can be divided into three main groups: social, economic and demographic.

Tourist business in Russia

In the world economy, tourism business is one of the most developing industries. The development of tourism affects the development of the economic situation of each individual country. World practice shows that the profitability of tourism business is in second place after the oil.

In Russia, it is especially important to develop tourism, because this industry is favorable for the growth of small businesses. It does not require significant allocations, but there is a prospect of attracting foreign investment on a large scale. Today, the tourism industry in Russia is in an unstable position, more often in shadow relations with both the state and the participants of the tourism market.

The state loses billions, refusing to support the development of inbound, outbound and domestic tourism, besides, thousands of jobs are lost.

Nevertheless, tourism is developing and is one of the main types of business. Russia occupies a favorable position, it is part of the European and Asian continents. This fact preserves its originality, attracts tourists from all over the world. Many foreigners today are eager to visit our country and see the interpenetration of Asian and European culture. Although the tourist activity is gradually increasing, all the same, this type of business influences little on the economy of the country. From the share of the world tourist flow, we own only 1%. Whereas in some countries the share of tourism reaches 15% or even 50%.

Tourist business in Russia relies more on the development of outbound tourism. The bulk of tour operators are engaged in sending our citizens abroad. Only a few are working to attract tourists to Russia to us. However, in recent years, this trend began to change, inbound tourism began to develop more actively.

International Outbound Tourism

In international tourism, travelers leave the country's territory of permanent residence, in this type of tourism there are specific features:

• Registration of documents for departure is required;
• There is a currency exchange restriction;
• When leaving and entering, tourists are subject to taxes, duties, levies;
• The need for medical examination, assistance to tourists is necessarily included in the services of outbound tourism.

All these points are an obligatory part of international tourism. Differences of monetary units to some extent affect the freedom of movement of tourists, as well as language barriers. This significantly differs international tourism from domestic tourism.

The economic peculiarity of international tourism is that it affects the monetary balances of the country. Foreign tourists, carrying out money transactions in the host country, activate the currency balance, so incoming tourism is called active (it attracts finance to the state). Outbound tourism implies the outflow of money from the country, so it is called passive. The division into active and passive occurs only in international tourism.

The concept of international, national tourism is represented within the country by four levels: globally, a group of countries (regional), country, local (in a separate region of the country).

Goals of outbound tourism

There is a classification of tourism, where the purposes of travel are taken as a basis. Here the opinions of the researchers diverge. The majority are of the opinion that outbound tourism has as its goal either entertainment and recreation, or business intentions.

Travel for entertainment and recreation . This is the main basis of international tourism. It combines cognitive, entertaining, recreational, sports, amateur and other trips for recreation. According to statistics and observations, it can be judged that the increased demand among tourists enjoy trips to warm countries to the sun and the sea. Any rest implies also the development of the horizon, the knowledge of something new, familiarization with the sights, cultural values of the host countries. Thanks to the development of international tourism, people have an opportunity to get acquainted personally with the culture, the population of another country, thus forming ideas about other aspects of life. Cognitive tourism has a large scale, researchers put it in a number of leading sub-industries, along with sports and recreation.

Business tourism . People make trips for business purposes, without getting an income from the place of business trip. Business tourism covers a variety of trips to conventions, conferences, meetings, scientific congresses, exhibitions, fairs, production seminars. Business travelers include commercial agents, drivers, tourist guides, stewardesses who, on the need of their professions, constantly travel outside the country of their residence.

Economic benefit

Inbound and outbound tourism have different economic benefits for the country. Inbound tourism (active), as already mentioned above, is much more profitable for the economy of the state. A foreign tourist, when visiting the host country, imports the currency. The state budget is replenished. In addition, the number of vacancies for workers increases in the tourism industry. This positively affects the employment of the population, including the payment of taxes to the budget, and also raises the general standard of living of the population.

Outbound tourism in this regard will be less beneficial for the state. This is due to the export of foreign currency. Revenue in the economy will only come from taxes paid by travel companies that send tourists on a trip. Only employees of a particular tourist organization, in the sphere of transportation, dispatch, will receive new jobs. On the other hand, with massive domestic and outbound tourism, the state receives a large amount of revenue. For example, in Hungary, almost every citizen travels twice a year. In our country, only two percent of residents can afford to travel abroad. This is connected, of course, with low incomes of the population. However, in recent years, outbound tourism in Russia is increasingly developing, this is evidenced by statistical data on the growth in the number of trips abroad. As before, Russians prefer inexpensive resorts, where the warm climate favors rest.

International tourism - a stimulator of relationships

From the practice of international relations, it is clear that at all stages of development, international tourism is a factor that contributes to the warming of relations between peoples and states, the strengthening of friendship and peace. It also stimulates the development of cultural, trade, foreign economic relations, general international cooperation.

The main objectives of international tourism:

• Strengthening through the tourist links of trust and positive relations between countries.
• Development of trade and economically mutually beneficial relations.
• Expansion of contacts, connections along the lines of cultural, scientific and technical organizations and personalities.
• Creation of mutually beneficial conditions for the exchange of tourists. Organization of technical data exchange, development of standards, simplification of formalities, technologies of outbound tourism.

International tourism in cooperation has two main forms: agreements on a bilateral basis and on a multilateral basis. To date, the practice of signing such agreements remains in force. Control over implementation is entrusted to the tourist national administrations. Representatives meet regularly, summarize and plan work for the next year. The objectives and objectives of such tourist organizations are:

• Definitions in the directions of modern tourism;
• Assistance to the member countries of these organizations in the development and promotion of tourism;
• Environmental objectives for the protection of the environment;
• Preservation of culture, heritage;
• Preservation of peace and mutual understanding between countries.

In general, today there are about two hundred international organizations that have different status and profile and are engaged in the development of international national tourism.

Organization of international tourism

The organization of outbound tourism presupposes such relations between consumers (tourists) and sellers (service producers), when the latter, cooperating with transport, insurance companies, banks, provide the consumer with the performance of international tourism services. The main units in the organization in the tourism market are travel agencies and travel agencies.

Travel agencies are retail companies. They act as intermediaries between clients and tour operators. Travel agencies carry out the organization of tours that the travel agency offers them, they also provide separate services, establishing links with excursion bureaus, hotel and transport companies. Tours are sold here at the prices of the tour operator, while the agencies receive their commissions. For individual services, the travel agency receives its own percentage of the extra charge, which they set independently. Most of the travel agencies work under the guidance of large travel agencies, influential airlines, trade and hotel corporations. Travel agency activities should be carried out in the presence of a license by a legal entity or a travel agent (individual entrepreneur).

Tour operator firms organize outbound tourism, being an intermediary between travel agents and large tourist enterprises. They can implement tours themselves or with the help of travel agencies. The organization of trips by tour operators means their communication with transport, food, accommodation, excursion bureaus and cultural institutions. Tour operators can rent on a contract basis hotels, buses, planes. They provide the maximum load and receive significant discounts at the same time. Tour operator firms carry out their activities on the basis of a license received by a legal entity or a tour operator (individual entrepreneur).

Geography of outbound tourism

The directions of outbound tourism in the Russian Federation are quite diverse. The tourist market offers to go anywhere in the world. The most popular tours among Russians have always been considered southern destinations, where the sun and the sea (Egypt, Turkey, Thailand, Bali, Goa). Because of political instability, the demand for Turkey and Egypt fell sharply, which is why the economies of these countries have been severely damaged. But now the directions in that direction are gaining momentum again. Where else do tourists like to rest? According to the statistics of tour operators, the most popular destinations in 2016 were the following:

• Slovenia . The UNESCO World Heritage List includes three attractions that Slovenia is famous for. They are worth a look. Shkotskaya caves: natural bridges, various stalagmites, windows are surprisingly adjacent here. Pile prehistoric settlements in the Alps: to the surprise of tourists, in exceptional condition the wood taken for construction here has been preserved. Former mercury mines, they are in Idrija.
• Iran . The country has come out of international isolation and is now ready for the "tsunami" of tourists. Attention is drawn to the mosques and palaces of Isfahan. It is interesting to visit the Imam mosque, the acoustics here are amazing, you can hear what a person whispering in another corner whispers. The palace of the XVII century Chechel Stone with forty columns is decorated with rich murals.
• Romania . Attracts tourists who appreciate a calm, measured rest: diverse vast landscapes, a huge number of churches, castles. You can wander in Transylvania on the castle of Dracula, go down to the salt mine in Turda, take a walk along the Botanical Garden of Bucharest.
• Cambodia is famous for its ancient temples, which have preserved their beauty. What is the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh. In the same city, the National Museum has collected more than 14,000 exhibits, some of them hundreds and thousands of years old.
• Belgium . Every tourist here always visits the chocolate museum in Brussels, where he sees with his own eyes the transformation of the sweet mass into the famous Brussels shells. Also it is worth to go on an excursion to Bruges to the museum of brewing.
• Canada and Japan for those who prefer long-distance outbound tourism. In Canada, you can relax at the famous resorts of Vancouver. Every tourist strives to get to Japan, waiting for unusual impressions. Scientific innovations can be seen in the Museum of the Future in Tokyo, connoisseurs of art must visit the Tokyo Theater.

Those who think about traveling to the near abroad, experienced tourists are advised to go to Georgia, Moldova, Lithuania.

Security basics. Preparation for departure

The safety of outbound tourism is the concern of any travel company. Every tourist should arrange insurance for any unforeseen event that may occur in a foreign country. But remember that before you go abroad, prepare yourself, learn the basics of security.

Your safety begins at home - in preparation for the journey. Carefully study the country that you intend to visit, read reviews, take an interest in the opinion of compatriots, review the ratings, which include the country, find out all the contacts of embassies and consulates.

Be sure to insure yourself. Outbound tourism, organized by the tour operator, necessarily implies insurance. But if you are driving on your own, do not forget about insurance.

Make photocopies of your basic documents and maps and transfer them to relatives or friends, tell them all the coordinates where you will rest, how to get there. In unforeseen cases, you can get the necessary information from them.

For the upcoming flights, be sure to study on the Internet the schemes of airports, the location of terminals. You can print and take the chart with you.

Form the first aid kit. Divide the preparations into two groups. The first is the means that you use constantly. Please note, if they contain narcotic substances, you need to get a certificate from the doctor. Remember that many medicines in another country can cost several times more expensive, so be at home. The second group - preparations from food poisoning, painkillers, enzymes, from traveler's diarrhea.

Safety in the host country

Outbound tourism has its own specifics of security. What should you prepare for when you leave for another country? The smallest probability is that you will become a victim of any kind of violence, a serious crime. As international statistics show, 99.9% of crimes against tourists are cheating for profit, petty theft. If there is a fight, unrest in the street or even a political coup, no one will touch a foreign tourist. You are even more secure here than the indigenous people. The law in this respect is strict. First of all, think about economic security here. The main threat is theft. The basic principle of safety is how you dress, look. Choose clothes that are similar to those worn in this area, do not stand out from the crowd, do not show yourself as a rich tourist, do not lump up money, do not wear expensive jewelry, in a word, be simpler.

Do not think that the more civilized the country, the less rampant crime there is. By no means. Tourists can be robbed not only in Kingston in Jamaica or in South Africa's Cape Town. Such large cities as Athens, Rome, Washington, are also dangerous in these cases. Remember that the larger and more popular the city, the more there are pickpockets. The classical law: crime is always higher where there are more people.

The hotel should be chosen on the principle of "the less, the better." In small establishments, staff will remember you more quickly, there is less likelihood that strangers will come here from the street. Stop in institutions on busy streets, so that the evening work lights. Rich neighborhoods are usually safer than the poor. Strict confidentiality must be observed when processing documents. Outsiders do not need to know for how long, in what number you have been resettled. In respectable hotels, the key is issued in an envelope on which the number of your room is already written, it is not indicated on the tag. So in the case of losing a key in your room can not penetrate an outsider.

Observe all precautions, and your rest will not be overshadowed by unpleasant incidents.