Guy de Maupassant, "Necklace": summary, analysis, criticism, composition

This novel in the late XIX century, wrote a subtle expert in human souls Guy de Maupassant. "Necklace" is an essay tragic and philosophical. His main heroine, Matilda Loisel, by the will of circumstances becomes a victim of his pride.

main character

She comes from a bureaucratic family. Her husband serves in the ministry. Matilda is distinguished by a fine picture of female beauty. She has a girlfriend - an aristocrat. As a child, they studied with Mrs. Forestier in the monastery. Being a homeless girl, she did not have any chance of a profitable marriage, in order to be in a higher caste.

And the bureaucratic way of life, which did not presume excess, seemed to her hateful.

About how the main character dreamed of wealth, says Guy de Maupassant ("Necklace"). The summary of the novel is sure to illuminate her dreams in the style of the luxurious French Rococo.

Depressive dreams of Matilda

She dreamed of aristocracy: huge bright salons decorated with exotic oriental fabrics, carved tables, consoles, precious silver, amber, mother of pearl, crystal shimmering chandeliers, porcelain figurines, exquisite receptions, dishes, and ancient embroidered tapestries adorning the walls. The girl imagined herself for a social dinner with well-known and influential people, leading a casual conversation and at the same time eating a hazelnut wings or pink trout.

The urgency of the philosophical problem posed by the author

The fact that the girl was fixated on everything that is now called one capacious and exact word "gloss", with pain and bitterness is narrated by Guy de Maupassant ("Necklace"). The summary of this novel, therefore, despite the one and a half century history of the work itself, becomes simply super-accurate today. An elegant, graceful girl did not have any jewelry, no expensive outfits, no family privileges. At the same time she wanted to be a seductive socialite.

After all, Matilda Loisel, if you compare her with the artist, brush her consciousness black all the world where she lived: walls, covered with worn wallpaper, sitting chairs, a single round table covered with a washed tablecloth, a constant popular menu.

Good patient husband of beauty

The husband, Mr. Loisel, unlike his wife, did not suffer from such mania of aristocracy. He was grateful to God for the beauty of his wife, for his work, for the cabbage soup that she cooked for him.

A sad way for Matilda to resolve its internal conflict, tells us Guy de Maupassant ("Necklace"). The summary of the novel contains the culmination of the action.

Fatal invitation

Her husband, wishing to please her, brings home an invitation card from his chief, Education Minister Georges Ramponno, to a secular ball for officials, organized on the Catholic Feast of the Heart of Jesus (January 18). He believes that the opportunity to join the secular will reassure Matilda. However, instead his wife wept bitterly at the fact that she had absolutely nothing to put on him, and there was nothing to think about the jewels. The girl advised her husband to give their ticket to the employee, "whose wife dresses better."

To the ball!

The description of this man's tact provided his novel Maupassant ("Necklace"). The summary of the subsequent development of the plot is predictable. Mr. Loisel asked his wife how much a decent but inexpensive dress could cost. The answer was immediate: "400 francs." The spouse even shuddered: exactly exactly how much was it was delayed for the purchase of a gun. Mr. Loisel dreamed, having bought it, to go on Sundays with his comrades to hunt. However, as a loving husband and a kind-hearted man, he decided to give them to Matilda to buy the dress she liked.

Touching and excitingly leads the thread of the story of the novel Guy de Maupassant. "Necklace" (summary) contains an episode of buying a dress for a ball. It was to face Matilda. Beauty at first was even pleased, but not for long. After all, the ladies present will be in gold and pearls! Soon sadness again clouded her face. After all, the girl did not have a single jewel. And to decorate the outfit with fresh flowers seemed to her shameful. But Loisel, and this time, dispelled her sadness. He reminded the girl of her friend, aristocrat Mrs. Forestier, hinting that her husband's jewelry could borrow from her.

The council worked. Indeed, it was worth the wife of an official to ask his acquaintance, as she not only agreed, but also offered her jewels to choose. Ms. Loisel liked the diamond necklace, which is stored in a black velvet case.

Nevertheless, some optimism is put into the presentation of the novel "The Necklace" by Maupassant. The summary of the following action finally reveals a warming in the relations of the spouses. Beauty Matilda expects a ball, as a person on the train expects light at the end of the tunnel. She wants to believe that fate will finally give her his smile.

Queen of the ball

Indeed, the day of the ball was a real triumph for Mme Loisel. She stood out for her beauty among the women present. Men vying to ask her for a waltz tour. Officials asked each other, who is this aristocrat? The girl received special attention even the minister himself.

She danced with rapture, as if enveloped in a cloud of happiness, savoring her apparent female victory in attracting everyone's attention. The girl stayed in an atmosphere of ball and fun until four in the morning. Her husband at this time even had time to take a nap in the next room. However, only one of this joyful and vivid plot displayed in his novella "Necklace" Maupassant. His writing very quickly, after fleeting sparkling Mozart shades, acquired the features of merciless drama.

The stolen necklace. Search

At last the couple, having hardly walked around several blocks, found a cabman. When they finally returned home to Martir Street, Matilda discovered that Mrs. Forestier's necklace had disappeared. After searching all the folds of clothes, all pockets, the unhappy girl found nothing. The husband at this time with the lantern passed in the opposite direction of the journey from the ball and returned to seven o'clock in the morning with nothing.

All that the husband could do to find the jewels: he gave announcements to the newspapers, reported to the prefecture of the police. With sympathy he writes about this unhappy man Maupassant. The necklace, as decided on the family council of the wife, should at all costs be given to Mrs. Forestier. To buy time, she was informed about a minor breakage of the loaned thing - supposedly the lock broke.

Loiret's spouses fall into debt bondage

The name of the jeweler was engraved on the plaque on the left in front of the ball of the house. His wife went to him to determine the value of the loss. They managed to find in one of the jewelry stores the same necklace worth 40 thousand francs. The price was able to knock down a little - up to 36 thousand. In addition, Mr. Loisel agreed with the owner of the store that he would return the purchase for 34 thousand francs, if the missing jewel is found.

The debt bondage of the family of the unfortunate official writes in his novella Guy de Maupassant ("The Necklace"). Criticism of the work marks his style as social realism. Mr. Loisel ensnared himself, it seemed, until the end of his days. He had 18 thousand francs, which he inherited from his father. The rest of the money had to be borrowed from usurers. And so much money had to be lent in parts: 500 and 1000 francs, leaving the receipts for many people.

On the creative method of Guy de Maupassant

On the collapse of the young woman's dream, Gui de Maupassant's novel "The Necklace" was written. An analysis of the author's creative method, conducted by literary critics, defined it as an invaluable realism. The events in their chronology are described in detail, and the reader himself gives them an estimate. In this his style the writer was at odds with the total naturalism of Emile Zola. Indeed, the psychology of the books of Guy de Maupassant appears as if in the second day of the narrative.

Directly on the mind of the reader, only the consistently and spectacularly illustrated facts of Guy de Maupassant ("The Necklace") are left. An analysis of the work of Maupassant shows that it differs in its structure, say, from the work of Balzac, who writes novels. Unlike his colleague, the author of the "Necklace" created more concise and brief novellas, filling each with a realistic and unintelligible fact familiar to many French people in real life. The creative legacy of Maupassant has more than 300 short stories and only 6 novels.

Disasters of spouses

The future plot of the novel "Necklace" de Maupassant is foreseen. Analysis of the scene of the return of the necklace reveals the different mental state of the girlfriends. Matilda fears that Mrs. Forestier does not recognize the jewel. The same did not even look at him, only absent-mindedly reading her friend for such a late return.

Black family has come to the family of officials. They lived the life of the poor, paying debt and ruinous interest to a whole host of usurers. Spouses have replaced a cozy apartment on a tiny attic, have dismissed the maid. The life of Mrs. Loisel has changed radically. She began to dress in the clothes of the poor. She led the entire household: buying food on the market, washing, cleaning - everything lay on her shoulders. The girl daily wore heavy buckets of water from a well, she broke her nails when washing, scolded shopkeepers for each sous.

There was practically no time left for the spouses. With merciless realism, in the novella Guy de Maupassant ("The Necklace"), the debt bondage in which the family of the official fell is shown in the novella. Care of the wife became monthly payments on one bill, the extension of the terms of others. To repay the third had to re-borrow funds. At this time her husband worked on wear and tear. Often he took overtime work, did not sleep at night. Mr. Loisel led accounting for merchants, copied the text to 5 su for a page.

Ten years of such a life fell heavily on the shoulders of the spouses. Once an elegant girl has grown fat. She walked without a hairstyle, not watching her appearance, in untidy skirts. Even her figure changed: the shoulders were heard, the waist disappeared. Once, tender hands became coarse, untidy. Now the woman did not even think about the high world, about the aristocratic circle. About how influenced the difficult poor life on women from the common people, without embellishment tells Maupassant. Necklace has changed not for the better not only the way of life of the spouses, but also themselves.

Sometimes, when the spouse left for service, Ms. Loisel, sitting by the window, recalled her only ball. She reflected on the volatility of life and capriciousness of human destiny, capable of destroying dreams and ruining a person.

However, their honor should be recognized that they bravely overcame adversity and in ten years of poor, hopeless life they paid not only the amount of debt, but also all the enslaving interest to usurer moneylenders.

Unexpected meeting

In a completely unexpected way, Giou de Maupassant ends his novel. "Necklace", thanks to this turn of the plot, is transformed from a talented biography of the spouses' misfortunes into high classics. Author's style sounds with all the might, causing readers a storm of emotions. And with all this, the narrative does not even change the rhythm of the exposition! It is in this property that is the highlight of Maupassant's creativity, his bright talent, beloved by millions of readers.

It is characteristic that everything happens as if by accident. After a terrible ten years, exhausted by work over the past week, Ms. Loisel went on a walk on the Champs-Elysées Sunday afternoon . Unexpectedly for herself, she met Jeanne Forestier, strolling with the children.

Guy de Maupassant says that the aristocrat did not even recognize her because of her pouty appearance. "Necklace" at the same time tells us that Ms. Foreste herself remained a charming and elegant lady. She was amazed at the fateful change that happened to the once glittering beauty of her friend, exclaiming: "How did you change!"

The unfortunate Mrs. Loisel complained to her of the sorrows that fell to her fate due to the loss of the necklace. She told about the years of poverty and disaster, about the fact that she and her husband now paid a terrible bondage debt. Hearing this heart-rending story, the aristocrat was dumbfounded, exclaiming: "Poor Matilda!" And then, seizing her arms in excitement, told her that the necklace she lent was false, and his real price did not exceed five hundred dollars.

This replica ends with the novel Guy de Maupassant ("Necklace"). Indeed, is it worth continuing? What can you tell us about the poor Mrs. Loisel yet? After all, she spent her best years fighting the phantom created by herself. She not only lost forever the opportunity to take place as a secular lady, but also deprived herself of the simple joys of a carefree Parisian life for many years.

Certainly, this kind of murderous news can break a man. Guy de Maupassant deliberately does not develop the plot further. We do not know if Matilde managed to gather with the soul forces and simply live on without putting a hand on himself.

Conclusion

The uniqueness of the work of Guy de Maupassant is displayed in the novel "The Necklace". An intricate story, describing in detail and impartially the history of the life of the main characters ... However, the reader's feelings and emotions simply boil up due to the skill of the classics.

This novel can be recommended for reading as an initial for people who are not familiar with the work of the great Frenchman. For those who like the skill and depth of the image of human destinies and characters with the utmost laconism of the description, Guy de Maupassant may well become one of his favorite writers.