Non-diabetes mellitus: symptoms, diagnosis and the main methods of treatment

A rather rare and specific disease is considered a syndrome called diabetes insipidus. Symptoms of this disease are associated with a violation of water-salt metabolism in the body. The cause of this condition is a violation of the secretion of the pituitary hormone vasopressin.

Causes of diabetes insipidus . As a rule, such a disease is transmitted hereditarily. In addition, the disruption of vasopressin production may be the result of an earlier infectious disease, for example, severe forms of influenza, syphilis, malaria, meningitis. In the presence of a brain tumor, as well as after a severe head injury or a severe stroke, so-called symptomatic diabetes insipidus can develop, the symptoms of which do not differ from the true form of the disease. Sometimes the cause of this disease may be a violation of the susceptibility of the renal tubular receptors to this hormone.

Non-diabetes mellitus: symptoms . As already mentioned, the main symptoms of diabetes insipidus are associated with a violation of water-salt metabolism. As a rule, the amount of urine released sharply increases in the body of patients and amounts to about 2 to 20 liters per day. Such urine is characterized by low density. It is almost colorless and contains a minimum amount of salts.

In connection with the increased release of fluid from the body, a person begins to suffer a strong and constant thirst, which awakens him even at night. The person becomes irritable, suffers from insomnia, loses appetite and sharply grows thin. In addition, the patient's skin becomes very dry, his level of sweating decreases, there are problems with the work of the gastrointestinal tract.

In women, diabetes insipidus is accompanied by violations of the menstrual cycle, while men have problems with potency. This disease affects the patient's psyche - he becomes irritable and emotionally unbalanced. Among such people, psychosis and hysteria are quite common. Kidneys that are constantly overloaded, in the absence of proper treatment, completely lose their concentrating function.

If a person tries to limit the amount of liquid being drunk, trying to solve the problem, the symptoms of dehydration very soon begin to develop: headache, fever, vomiting, blood thickening, dryness of the mucous membranes and, finally, collapse.

Non-diabetes mellitus: diagnosis . Only an experienced doctor has the right to diagnose and treat diabetes insipidus. Symptoms, causes of the disease, the age of the patient, the presence of chronic diseases - all this is taken into account during the diagnosis. In addition, the patient is usually prescribed a blood test for vasopressin, urine analysis and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.

Non-diabetes mellitus: treatment . The methods of treatment of diabetes insipidus completely depend on the main cause of the onset of this disease. For example, if the disease begins to develop as a result of a brain tumor, then it must be removed surgically.

Quite effective is the so-called substitution therapy, which is based on the introduction into the body of a drug that is close in its properties to vasopressin. In addition, sometimes patients are prescribed drugs, which stimulate the production of pituitary antidiuretic hormone. Along with these methods, it is also necessary to conduct strengthening therapy, since the body of the sick person, and especially its excretory system, is greatly weakened.

Treatment of diabetes insipidus provides for a proper diet. A sufficient number of fresh foods, fats and carbohydrates should be present in the patient's diet. At the same time, it is necessary to limit the number of animal proteins used, since the kidneys carry too much strain on themselves. Useful products containing phosphorus, as this element improves the functioning of the brain.