Methods and methods of teaching are factors that affect the quality of knowledge, the development of creative and mental abilities, learning activities

Main features of methods and methods of teaching

One of the main features of the educational process is bilateral activity, which manifests itself both on the part of the teacher and the students. The development of this process is influenced in many aspects by methods and methods of instruction .

Such ways of interaction between the training and trainees, which are aimed at the joint solution of educational problems, are called teaching methods. Reception is one of the individual aspects of the method or one of its components. Therefore, methods and methods of learning are in constant interaction, influencing one another. As an example, you can consider the method of work of students with educational literature. It provides for the use of such techniques as abstracting, composing theses, a plan and a subject dictionary, citing, writing a review.

The fact that methods and methods of interaction can be influenced is also evidenced by the fact that methods include separate techniques. For example, the construction of a schematic model is an element of the method of working with educational literature and at the same time an integral part of the presentation of the material by the teacher, when the students are asked to create a reference note based on the new material being studied.

In some cases, the method of instruction used can act as a separate method, then as a method. Thus, the explanation of the material is a method of instruction, but if in the process of analyzing errors or practical work the teacher resorts to an explanation, then this is the method from which the method of practical work consists.

However, methods and methods of teaching can sometimes be interchangeable. So, if during the lesson the teacher uses the method of submitting new material and refers to the drawings, graphs, drawings in the textbook for greater visibility and better mastery of the student, this will be a technique. If during the lesson the method of working with educational literature is used, and the teacher needs to give an explanation of some particular concept or term, then this method will already act as an additional method.

Thus, the methods used during training consist of two types of methods - teaching and learning.

Types of pedagogical methods in teaching

All modern forms of teaching see their goal as increasing interest in cognitive activity and learning, and this will contribute to a more effective and effective educational process. Therefore, the basic pedagogical methods of teaching include:

- freedom of choice (in any teaching action of the student there is the right to choose);

- openness (not just to educate, but to put before pupils problems that resolve beyond the studied material);

- activity (involves the application of knowledge in practice);

- high productivity (it is necessary to use the knowledge, opportunities of the trainees, taking into account their interests to the maximum);

- feedback (it is necessary to constantly keep under control the learning process, using feedback techniques).

Specific modern pedagogical methods of teaching ("mosaic of problems", "letter in a circle", strategies, "hats of thinking", "questions - thick and thin", "evaluation window", etc.) make diversity in conducting classes, increase the interest of schoolchildren To the subject of study, improve the quality of the educational process.

Methods and techniques used in teaching preschool children

The development of the child is due to his active work. The basic principles of the educational program of preschool children are realized during the lessons through methods and methods of teaching preschool children .

Under the method in this case, one should consider ways of influencing or transferring knowledge. Receptions are realized through the use of a certain method. Therefore, the methods and methods of teaching preschoolers can be practical, visual, verbal and playful.

For practical purposes, for example, the execution of instructions, Various exercises, the joint work of the educator and children.

Visual methods provide for the observation of living objects, natural phenomena, the work of adults, viewing training programs, showing samples, using the theater of shadows and dolls and under. Among the techniques within the framework of this method can be used the explanation of what they saw (heard), assignments to children and their active actions for their implementation, questions, artistic reading, performance of game actions, etc.

Verbal includes reading, telling, talking, staging, describing the picture.

Gaming methods provide for mobile, didactic games, fun, and dramatization.

The use of these methods and techniques makes it possible to exert pedagogical influence on the formation of skills of various types of activity among preschool children .