Literary examples of texts of spoken style of speech. Spoken speech style: short texts examples

Informal communication in an informal setting is the most common description of this functional style. Examples of texts of the colloquial style of speech contain colloquial vocabulary, and information in them is given mainly on everyday issues.

Oral version of the style is used in everyday speech. That's why writing is often implemented in dialogues.

This article gives an appropriate definition, describes features, and also examines examples of spoken-style speech texts.

Features

The style in which each of us expresses his thoughts, emotions and feelings, and is conversational. It is characterized by the absence of language selection. This is due to the fact that most people "first speak, and then think".

At the same time, the colloquial style always contains shades of the speaker's personality - it allows slang, jargon and other, not inherent in such strict styles as business or scientific.

An example of spoken style of speech, small text:

- Tried it? - I pointed to the cheese. - Dad said that it was delicious.
"Of course, it's delicious, since he tasted it yesterday for both cheeks!"
"And now you're not hamstering yourself as if you're having lunch last time," I laughed.

It clearly distinguishes slang expressions that are not applicable anywhere else than in everyday dialogue.

It should be borne in mind that extralinguistic factors also influence to a large extent the conversational style: mimicry and gestures, as well as the surrounding situation, have a significant meaning, and so on.

Signs of a conversational style:

• simplicity;
• Specifics;
• Emotion saturation, sometimes excessive, expression;
• imagery.

Examples of spoken language speech texts can be obtained by simply recording a household conversation, say, between neighbors or a buyer and a seller in a bakery.

The influence of a relaxed communication environment

The more relaxed the situation, the more freedom of speech. It becomes more emotional, the vernacular expressions are widely used.

It is not uncommon for this style - and the simplification of word forms, the loss of vowels, the doubling of words, and the use of suffixes of subjective evaluation - the first two signs are especially amplified when the rate of speech is accelerated.

A. P. Chekhov, "Revenge"

It illustrates the peculiarities of the style in question Anton Pavlovich Chekhov in his work "Revenge" - this is a clear example of the colloquial style of speech. A small monologue text can already say a lot on this topic.

The character of the story begins to speak with an expressive: "Open up, damn it!" It should be noted that no other style tolerates abusive language. His next suggestion is equally revealing: "How long will I still have to stiffen in this through-wind?" Its construction is abrupt, the manner of information transfer is simple and simple. This is a colloquial style of speech. Examples of texts from the literature were not in vain initiated precisely with Chekhov's "Revenge".

Features of spoken style

"Revenge" shows the characteristic features of the colloquial style:

• Preference for questioning and exclamation before narrative;
• Use of interjections;
• Personal pronouns and verbs are reduced to the form of the first or second person.

Pushkin's letter to his wife

The letter written on August 3, 1834 by Alexander Sergeevich to his wife, Natalia, is also a small text of the colloquial style of speech (examples are divided into sentences for consideration in more detail).

A well-known poet begins it with these words: "It's a shame, a woman." This appeal is an obvious, colloquial vocabulary that is used in everyday life. Suggestions: "What kind of hunt is to be dragged into a nasty uyezd town to see nasty actors playing badly of an old bad opera?" And: "I asked you not to travel around Kaluga, yes, apparently, so you have such a nature" - contain all elements of the colloquial style of speech, such as:

• Estimated word-building suffixes (town);
• Inversion of word order in sentences;
• The use of the plural form for a word, which in fact does not contain it according to the rules of the Russian language (Kaluga - by Kaluga);
• Most verbs are used in the present tense.

Lexical tools

Conversational style of speech (examples of short texts will be considered in the course of the article) involves the following lexical means:

• Phraseological units;
• Diminutive and affectionate suffixes;
• Expressive and emotional coloring of vocabulary;
• Words-contraction and truncation;
• Suffixes of subjective evaluation.

Standard constructs and typed forms

Spontaneous speech predominates in everyday life, unprepared - people are used to expressing themselves, not caring about word forms and not thinking about them. Therefore, often, and even often, you can hear standard designs, certain stereotypes for each specific daily situation. If you look at the short text of the colloquial style of speech, examples from the store will be as follows: "Three hundred gram cookies ... Weigh in the top 10. Please give me the oil packaging." From public transport: "Are you going to the next exit? I'm at the stop of the Airships, where do I get off to? Are you going to take the Tractors?"

Forms of etiquette are also binding. After all, if speech is unprepared and less formal, this does not mean that it is rude and extremely impolite.

"Hello, good afternoon, how are you, what's new," - these are still well-established designs that do not lose relevance in conversations. An example of a colloquial style of speech - a small text-dialogue of newly-found comrades - will contain these expressions in 99% of cases.

Individuality

For the same reason of spontaneity, described in the previous paragraph, speech becomes individual and original. So, even stereotyped forms and designs are innumerable, and at different times those or other come into vogue in certain circles or, on the contrary, come out of it, become obsolete, then, however, sometimes come back. But the informal atmosphere of communication does not put formal boundaries - people can use or not use the usual and established expressions of their choice. Untyped funds are what convey the character of the speaker's speech.

"The Chronicles of the Dragons"

Julia Galanina in her "Dragon Chronicles" can boast of a unique atmosphere, because she used not only in dialogues, but also in the entire book a conversational style. Here are examples of short texts:

"As always, most of all I need. In addition to me, no fool on the fence has not climbed."
"Dragons are dangerous, both harmful and disgusting, frankly selfish, and even a dragon!"

Phonetics

The language features that are used at the phonetic level of the language in a conversational style include two main features:

• Simplification, truncation, compression, that is, an incomplete type of pronunciation. This is not an obligatory property, which can have a colloquial style of speech. Examples of texts (class 5, among other things, in some regions, is studying this book on the school curriculum) - "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" and the rest of this series. The vernacular is clearly expressed in the character of Hagrid. A quote from "... a prisoner of Azkaban": "He first of all now in the morning ... refused to hold office. I can not, grit, put at risk, if ... well, once again such will come out." Unfortunately, the Russian translators did not fully convey all the simplified word forms, in the original text this is more evident, but in this quote one can already distinguish "grit", by which is meant "speaks."
• Intonation as a purely individual sign, which emotionally stains any, even stereotyped design. An example of a colloquial style of speech is the small text of the story "The Hypothetical Case" by O'Henry: "Will you be Mr. Phineas K. Gooch?" - said the visitor, and in the tone of his voice and intonation was at once a question, a statement and a condemnation.

Vocabulary and Phraseology

Language facilities related to lexical and phraseological level:

• In the percentage of speech is clearly prevailing neutral concrete common vocabulary, also called interstyle. It is the base language. Neutral lexicon states the fact, and therefore has no emotional and / or expressive coloring. This makes it a universal option for use in any style: both colloquial speech, and in business, scientific, journalistic. Examples of texts of the colloquial style of speech, in which there is a neutral vocabulary (in fact, the author's language of artistic texts, except, perhaps, tales and genres similar to it for the most part only contains interstyle words) is Anton Chekhov's "Chameleon" and "Teddy "Yuri Pavlovich Kazakova.
• Neutral conversational vocabulary. It includes words like "doctor", "understand" and others.
• Terminology: sociopolitical and general scientific, nomenclature.
• Emotionally-evaluative spoken vocabulary. It can carry a negative or positive assessment. All words from it are divided into three groups, of which: 1) the score is included in the very meaning of the word; 2) in a portable sense; 3) the word contains subjective-valued suffixes. This lexicon also applies the epithet "expressive".
• Standardized imagery. These include metaphors, phraseological units, hyperbole and litote. "We drink from the cup of being with closed eyes" (M. Yu. Lermontov). This is an artistic metaphor, while colloquial ones bear a shade of the same vernacular. An example of a colloquial style of speech, a text-dialogue: "And what's he?" "As usual, he says we'll break through!" "Who else would I be worried about, but this one really will break through." "He's a fox! ! "
• Professionalism and jargon. It should be taken into account that each example of a fragment of colloquial speech in fact often contains most of the means given here: it can not illustrate only one property. So, the above dialogue, in addition to the metaphor "cunning as a fox" also has a jargon "robbery".

Morphology

• The nominative case is found most often.
• Personal and demonstrative pronouns predominate, as well as adverbs and particles.
• Communion is rarely used, girlish participles - almost never.
• The boundaries of the temporal forms are blurred. This means that they are freely changed and are not used in their meaning.
• There are verbal interjections.

An example of a colloquial style is a small text-dialogue, which illustrates the morphological language level of the topic in question:

"He went there," Petya said with a wave of his hand.
"Where is it going?" I asked him.
- Well, there's a shop there. Products. Mom asked me to stint - here I decided to run fast.
"So you skok and ran away?" "It just happened."

Syntax

• In the colloquial style, simple sentences are more often used than compound or complex sentences. Their construction is characterized by a kind of "stringing" on each other, the specificity of the information transmitted.
• Frequently there are incomplete sentences, in particular, there are no main members.
• The structure is nonlinear, sometimes fragmented. Interruptions in intonation and phrases, reconstructed on the move, are the consequences of spontaneity of speech. Conversational style quite allows active use of connecting constructions, expressed in introductory words and all kinds of particles.
• Cross-phrase phrases as one of the ways to express thoughts in a conversational style.
• The free order of words - while the important is usually expressed first of all (however, this is not an obligatory condition).

Literary and colloquial speech

Speech in its pristine manifestation is oral. In artistic works, she needs special means of imitation. The author can also write a speech that is close to colloquial, but more often he uses it in conversations between characters. So, every hero gets an individuality.

A small text of the colloquial style of speech (examples from Bulgakov's "The Heart of a Dog"): "A dirty apartment. But what's good. And why the hell did I need it? Is it really an odd fellow to live?" Why, he only needs to wink, he would be The dog got that gasp. "

We fully considered the spoken style of speech, examples of texts. The 5th grade of the school program assumes the study of functional styles of speech, but colloquial is the style that meets constantly, day to day, and in works of art and in the environment (primarily in it).

In order to reflect the conversational style of speech, examples of texts from literature have already been given above. Equally important with them were put and just demonstrative proposals.

Newspaper style

Where else can we use a colloquial style of speech? Examples of texts from newspapers are much more controversial. In journalism, indeed, there are features peculiar to him. Newspapers from the series "closer to the people" are completely stained with stereotyped phrases from everyday life. But nevertheless, the newspaper style can only be called talkative to the full. If the spoken style of speech is considered, short texts are often taken from works of art.