In pedagogy, formation is the process of becoming an individual. Methods of formation of the collective and personality in pedagogy

In pedagogy, formation is a purposeful influence on the student or student carried out by the teacher to create certain conditions that will later contribute to the emergence of the learner's new qualities, knowledge and skills. However, this definition is not the only one. Also the formation is the very process of becoming a personality (in this case a student) under the influence of the above factors. However, since this topic, concerning pedagogy directly, contains a lot of important nuances, it is worth considering it in more detail.

The central problem

First of all, it is important to mention that in pedagogy formation is one of the most important concepts. Which is the central problem of the whole sphere as a whole. After all, teaching activities are aimed not only at familiarizing pupils with the subject and teaching them knowledge related to it. Teachers also influence the formation of the personality of each student. And they help them to realize themselves and overcome the spontaneity with which many of them first encounter precisely during the training period.

In the process of the formation of personality there are many questions and nuances. The teacher is able to help the students realize only if he can understand them. This is the most important theoretical and applied part of pedagogical activity.

The teacher is obliged to know about the role of the pedagogical system in education, family and society, about the process of formation of individual qualities of the individual, about upbringing, development and learning, as well as the age and personal characteristics of students. And, in addition, he must be familiar with the technique of individual approach.

The Problem of Modernity

In pedagogy, formation is the process of becoming an individual. And it is considered to be a problem of education. And in the modern twenty-first century, it really is acute.

All because now many people have a tendency to advocate for the free development of the individual. Some even seriously consider pedagogical education as a violation of the right of a student / student to be an individual. Therefore, a professional teacher should competently combine traditional methods with modern ones.

Self-determination is important. But! Equally important is the integration of the pupil into the world and national culture, his formation as a citizen, and also instilling in him the realization that without cooperation and mutual understanding in modern society it is impossible to exist. Foreign concepts are interesting, but in an unchanged form and, moreover, entirely in our life, they can not be transferred. This is what the parents of the 21st century must first understand.

Culture

This concept is very multifaceted. And it is reflected in pedagogy. Formation is a complex process. It involves instilling in students aesthetic and ethical tastes, as well as the ability to see the beautiful in what a man once created, or find it in something else.

Why is it important? Because the personality, the formation of which is at stake, can only be a person who has become part of the socio-cultural life. Every good teacher can bring this to the students. In psychology, which is closely related to pedagogy, the term "personality" refers to a set of man-made preferences and habits, his social and cultural experience, knowledge, skills and the ability to think independently.

However, you can put it more simply. Personality is an educated and intelligent person. And the goals of pedagogy are to challenge students' interest in everything that will help them become like that. And in the subsequent rendering them appropriate assistance in achieving the intended.

A good teacher contributes to the development of the talents, abilities and interests of students, encourages them to creative activity. Also helps to educate in them attitude to work, society, various professions, parents, art, friends, life. But the main goals of pedagogy are to form behavior and consciousness.

The process of education

So, the above was clearly explained about what constitutes a formation. This is a definition in pedagogy, which occurs quite often. Therefore, it is appropriate to talk about what methods the teacher should use in order to contribute to the personal development of his students.

The way to the consciousness of pupils is through illustrative examples. How to develop in them justice, mutual understanding, respect, culture and dozens of other qualities? Only telling them their meaning. Students should develop the conviction that they need all these qualities. Then they will seek to educate them in themselves.

And for this the teacher should be able to evoke in them experiences and feelings connected with this or that question. Otherwise they will experience only one emotion - indifference. Which inhibits the development of personality.

Stories on ethical topics help to come to the consciousness of the students. First, children like interesting stories. Secondly, they themselves during the hearing make some conclusions and analyze the actions of the heroes of the story. As a result, they form a relationship to the qualities shown in history. The teacher does not impose anything at all. The personal attitude of the students is formed by itself, under the influence of their own impressions and experiences. This is a very effective method. As he pre-forms the attitude of children to actions, which they have not yet committed.

Interaction with the audience

It can not be overlooked, talking about the formation of personality. It is very important in pedagogy to contact students. Therefore, there is a dispute in the educational process. It means active discussion of a certain topic, which the teacher must prepare and announce in advance in class, so that the students have time to think.

The purpose of the dispute is to form the beliefs and views that occurs in the process of the dispute. Which, of course, is built logically and is argued. In the dispute, opposing points of view collide, and erroneous opinions are revealed. The teacher should monitor the dispute, ask the "right" questions that are suggestive, and clarify the thoughts expressed by the students.

By the way, this not only affects the formation of the child's personality. In the process of the dispute, each pupil learns to competently express their thoughts, build a speech, prove the correctness of their own judgments and convince listeners in it.

The Psychological Aspect

As already mentioned earlier, the concept of personality formation in pedagogy is directly related to psychology. Hence, the methods used in this educational process are also relevant.

Many teachers often offer their students to solve the dilemmas of Lawrence Kohlberg. This man is one of the founders of the theory of morality. He assured us that in the world there is nothing absolutely right or wrong. The morality of an act depends not on its consequences, but on the intentions of a person. And he was right.

Kolberg's dilemmas are hypothetical situations. However, in real life, tens of thousands of identical happen. There is no perfect solution, each has its pros and cons. Here is one of these dilemmas: one woman is sick with a severe incurable form of cancer. She has six months to live, but she is constantly in extreme pain. A woman asks her doctor to give her an increased dose of morphine, allowing her to "leave." It's against the law, but the doctor understands the patient's request and is considering doing it.

This dilemma is very useful in terms of forming beliefs. It provokes thoughts, causes feelings, makes students think, puts them in the place of participants in the situation. They, in turn, ask themselves a lot of questions that would help them find a solution and understand if it is right. So children learn to empathize, sympathize, reflect and feel responsibility.

Team

This is the main base, with the exception of the family in which children receive their first social experience. It is in the collective that the child begins his formation as a person. In addition, in school communication is planned and subsequently sent by highly qualified teachers.

A collective is an association of pupils, characterized by certain characteristics. The main one is that they have a common socially significant goal - education.

Another principle implies joint activity of the team. And the relationship of responsible dependency. Everyone knows that between members of any collective a specific relationship is formed that reflects both the unity of their activities and experiences with value judgments.

The last sign of the team is the existence of a general governing body. In this case, naturally, it is the teacher who regulates all the psychological and pedagogical processes. It is the teacher that creates a healthy microclimate in the team, fosters friendly relations between students, helps them to be united. And it depends on the teacher whether the children will understand what mutual understanding and mutual assistance are.

Team building

It depends, as already mentioned above, on the teacher. The process of development of the school collective is not characterized by spontaneity. He is a teacher. And every good teacher follows certain rules and methods, especially if these are the main stages in the formation of the collective.

First and foremost, he must reasonably combine pedagogical leadership and the students' natural desire for independence and independence.

It is also recommended to change tactics periodically. After all, the collective is a dynamically developing system. In addition, we are talking about children. They need novelty, and the teacher must constantly be interested in them.

In addition, the process of formation in pedagogy implies the mandatory involvement of the family, parents. What is called the coordination of educational influences, which is promoted by the teacher.

Still the teacher should keep under the control and if necessary to correct performance by pupils of their duties. For the systematic quality performance of all tasks and participation in the life of the school, it is recommended that the pupils be fairly rewarded. This serves them as an additional stimulus, and also makes it possible to make sure that efforts never go unnoticed and unappreciated. At the same time, the teacher must be strict in relation to those students who ignore their duties. In the team, justice and competence must prevail.

Socialization

It is she who happens in the team. Formation is a definition in pedagogy, the importance of which is given a lot of attention. What about the creation of a student collective? This process is extremely important, because it is in this society that children will grow as individuals and learn.

In a good team, the ethical education program is implemented in full. The children form opinions on the norms of interpersonal relations, they learn the forms of expression of request, greeting and treatment, learn correct behavior, literate speech. In the future, they develop the ability to interact with other people. They adapt to them, try the acquired communication skills and qualities. And the children begin to sympathize and empathize with people, animals, plants, often even trying to find ways to cooperate with their parents.

Current changes

The methods of forming a collective in pedagogy are intertwined with the principles followed by the teacher in individual work with pupils. Whatever it was, a highly qualified specialist eventually achieves impressive results. The students form a new level of affective-demanding and cognitive sphere, there are stable forms of activity and behavior, the social orientation and individual character develops. In the course of which each of them is transformed. Because the development of the personality implies the origin of changes in the psyche, as well as in the spiritual and intellectual sphere of the student.

Positive changes include improving memory, character, thinking and will. This includes the acquisition, expansion and subsequent deepening of knowledge, some intellectual growth. Naturally, all this is accompanied by a change in consciousness and moral formation.

If expressed in scientific language, then the student begins to turn into a subject of social activity and interpersonal relations. And he does not just move from a lower level to a higher level. Quantitative changes dialectically transform into qualitative transformations of the spiritual and mental characteristics of the pupil.

This is socialization. A young member of society learns to assimilate values, norms, attitudes, adopts patterns of behavior, reproduces acquired life experience. And this process does not stop. Socialization lasts throughout life. But it begins in school, and is kept under the control of carefree professional teachers, on which depends largely on what their pupils will become in the future.