HealthDiseases and Conditions

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

The heart is the central organ of the circulatory system, carrying out the functions of pumping blood along the vascular bed. Thus, it optimizes the supply of all tissues with the necessary metabolic substrates and oxygen.

However, the presence of pathologies of the heart significantly violates these processes, because then the muscle is not able to adequately provide all the needs of tissues and organs. Also, cardiac dysfunction and changes in its structure are observed with acquired stenotic heart defects and arterial hypertension, when the myocardium of the ventricles is substantially thickened, which is called hypertrophy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the cumulative group of hypertrophic changes in the heart. This is a rather dangerous disease, as in the future it is fraught with the development of chronic heart failure.

Causes of cardiomyopathy.

Aortic stenosis is the main defect of the heart, because of which hypertrophic cardiomyopathy develops. It is characterized by a narrowing of the aortic aorta and a violation of the expulsion of blood from the left ventricle into the large circulation.

Compensating for the lack of blood flow, the heart increases the contraction force, which leads to normalization of the blood flow in the aorta. However, increased functional load on this main organ of the human body leads to an increase in the thickness of the muscular wall of the left ventricle. This is hypertrophy. It is dangerous because later thickened walls suffer from a lack of blood supply, because myocardial arteries supply it from the outside to the inside.

Because the endocardium will later suffer from ischemia, partially die, and platelets will settle in the heart cavity. It is dangerous for the formation of a thrombus and its separation from the wall, after which it can clog the vessels of the brain, kidneys, intestines or extremities, causing the corresponding symptomatology.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can also develop in other cases:

  1. In the presence of hypertension,

  2. When the work of the heart stimulates adrenaline,

  3. When the volume of circulating blood exceeds the permissible limits.

Cardiomyopathy, the symptoms of which are quite similar in manifestations with arterial hypertension, is characterized by the following manifestations:

  • Headaches in the parietal region and occiput,

  • Darkening in the eyes,

  • nausea,

  • Flickering flies and black dots in front of the eyes.

Specific symptoms that can be seen in many patients, virtually absent before the period of decompensation (disruption of the adaptive capacity of the muscle). Therefore, initially this pathology is not recognized, since it proceeds without complaints.

Diagnosis of cardiomyopathy.

At the stage of compensation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, changes are seen on the electrocardiogram and evaluated by the physician through the identification of characteristic features.

Also, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be detected by general examination, when the chest wall begins to vibrate slightly above the heart during contraction of the left ventricle. This symptom is called "cat purring" and is an external reflection of the process of pushing blood through the narrowed aperture of the aortic valve.

In addition, when listening to the areas of the heart, the doctor may note a severe systolic murmur and a weakening of the second heart tone.

Among all diagnostic methods for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ultrasound, contrast radiography, angiography, computed tomography with intravenous contrast are the most informative.

Methods of treatment.

If you or your loved ones are diagnosed with cardiomyopathy, only a cardiologist can prescribe the treatment. It implies surgical removal of stenosis of the aorta or its valve, as well as medical therapy of hypertension, which is prescribed by the doctor depending on the causes and stages. This is a complex of drugs: selective adrenoblockers, diuretic, ACE inhibitors, vasodilators, calcium channel blockers and other auxiliary facultative groups of medicines.

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