Self improvementPsychology

Behavioral disorders: types, causes, correction. Behavior Models

The theme of the relationship between children and parents, as well as human behavioral psychology, is now becoming increasingly relevant. Many mothers ask themselves: "Why did my child behave differently in a certain period? Why did he become so restless, aggressive, hyperactive and problematic? "Answers to these questions should be sought in the manuals of classical teachers such as LS Vygotsky, PP Blonsky, AS Makarenko, and so on. But if you have absolutely no time for this, we suggest reading this article to understand all the subtleties of child psychology to study the types of disorders and behavioral disorders, and also to find the right approach to its correction and education of the child as a whole.

Arbitrary and involuntary behavior

In psychology, there are two types of behavior: arbitrary and involuntary. The first have organized children, showing restraint and responsibility in matters. They are ready to obey their own goals and the norms, laws, rules of conduct established in society, and also have high discipline. Usually children with an arbitrary type of behavior are considered too obedient and exemplary. But you will agree that this method of self-feeding is also not ideal.

That is why psychologists distinguish one more type: involuntary (blind) behavior. Such children behave senselessly and are often deprived of initiative, they prefer to ignore rules and laws - they simply do not exist for such children. Violations gradually become systematic, the child ceases to respond to comments and reproaches in his direction, believing that he can do as he wants. And this behavior is also considered a deviation from the norm. You ask: which type is most suitable for the child? Both models of behavior require corrective care, which will be aimed at overcoming negative personal traits.

What is the reason for the deviations?

As you know, each person is individual, and to believe that the occurrence of deviations in the behavior of two children has the same reasons, in most cases is erroneous. Sometimes violations can have a primary conditioning and are a feature of a person. For example, it can be a constant change in mental processes, motor retardation, or disinhibition, intellectual disorders, etc. Such deviations are called "neurodynamic disorders." The child can suffer from nervous excitability, constant emotional instability and even from abrupt behavior changes.

Abnormalities in healthy children

If the emotional background of the child is normal and stable enough, the reason for the deviations in the psychological plan can be the failure, for example, in learning activity or communication and, as a consequence, the child's inability to cope with these difficulties on his own. Such children are very indecisive, passive, stubborn and aggressive. In this case, the main thing is to understand that the child commits these actions involuntarily, and certainly not in order to "annoy" someone. He simply can not adapt to the situation and adjust to the development of events. Next, we will discuss in more detail certain types of behavior, namely their features, causes and methods of correction.

Hyperactive Behavior

Hyperactivity is perhaps the most popular type of behavioral disorder. Such children simply need increased motor activity. But this is part of the problem. When a child with hyperactive behavior falls into a society with certain rules and routines prescribed in it, he develops a nervous and muscular tension. A child can not tolerate such prohibitions, resulting in a deterioration in attention, a decrease in efficiency, rapid fatigue and emotional relaxation, expressed by motor anxiety and restlessness. And this behavior is one of the disciplinary offenses.

These children are much more difficult to be in public places, in communicating with peers and loved ones it is very difficult to find a common language. Dezadaptirujushchie features of behavior of children with hyperactivity specify insufficiently generated regulatory mechanisms of mentality, first of all the control over itself as the basic circumstance and a link in education of infringement of behavior.

Demonstrative behavior

With this behavior, the child deliberately and knowingly violates the norms and rules. And all his actions are directed to adults. Most often this behavior is manifested as follows: the child is twisted in the presence of adults, but if they do not pay attention to it, then it quickly passes. If the child is in the center, he continues to behave like a clown, demonstrating his swagger. An interesting feature of this behavior is that if adults comment on the child about his incorrect behavior, he begins to show himself more actively and fool around in every way. Thus, the child by means of non-verbal actions as though speaks: "I do or make that does not arrange you. And I will continue to behave this way until you lose interest in me. "

Lack of attention is the main reason

This way of behavior is used by the kid mainly in those cases when he lacks attention, i.e. communication with adults is scarce and formal. As you know, behavior and psyche are closely related, so sometimes demonstrative behavior is used by children in fairly well-off families, where the child is given enough attention. In these situations, self-denigration of the person is used as an attempt to get out of the power and control of the parents. By the way, unreasonable crying and nervousness in most cases is also used by the child for self-assertion before adults. The child does not want to accept that he is subject to them, must obey and obey everything. On the contrary, he tries to "take over" the elders, since he needs this to increase his own importance.

Protest behavior

Immorality and excessive stubbornness, unwillingness to make contact, increased self-esteem - all this refers to the main forms of manifestation of protest behavior. At the age of three (and less), such sharp manifestations of negativism in the child's behavior can be considered a norm, but in the future it should be regarded as a violation of behavior. If the child does not want to perform any actions just because he was asked about it or, worse, ordered, it can be concluded that the child is simply striving for independence, wants to prove to everyone that he is already independent and will not follow the orders. Children prove their case to everyone regardless of the situation, even if they really realize that they are doing wrong. It is very important for such children that everything be as they want. Consider the opinion of the older generation for them is impermissible, and they generally ignore generally accepted norms of behavior.

As a result, disagreements arise in the relationship, and re-education without the help of a specialist becomes practically impossible. Most often this behavior takes on a permanent form, especially when there are often disagreements in the family, but adults do not want to compromise, but simply try to educate the child with cries and orders. Often stubbornness and assertiveness are defined as the "spirit of contradiction". The child, as a rule, feels guilty and worries about his behavior, but nevertheless again continues to behave this way. The reason for this constant stubbornness is long-term stress, which the child can not cope with alone, as well as intellectual disturbances and overexcitability.

Therefore, the occurrence of a behavioral disorder can have different causes. To understand them is to find the key to the child, to his activity and activity.

Aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior is purposeful and destructive. Using such a kind, the child intentionally resists the laws and norms of people's life in society, in every possible way harms the "objects of attack", and this can be both people and things, evokes negative emotions, dislikes, fear and depression from those with whom it interacts.

Such actions can be carried out for the immediate achievement of important goals and psychological detente. Self-affirmation and self-realization are the things for which a child can behave too aggressively. Aggression can be directed either to the object itself, because of which irritability arises, or to abstract objects that have nothing to do with it. The child in such cases is almost uncontrollable: to start a fight with someone, to destroy everything that gets under his arm, to roll up hysterics - all this the child can do without a twinge of conscience, believing that these actions will not be punished. However, aggressiveness can be manifested without attacking, which means that other behavioral factors can be used. For example, a child can insult others, tease them and swear. In these actions, there is an unsatisfied need to increase one's own importance.

Why and why does the child behave this way?

In manifesting aggression, the child feels his dubious superiority over others, strength and disobedience. The main reasons for the violation of behavior are the problems and difficulties that children experience because of their studies. Professionals call such a neurotic disorder didactogeny. It is one of the main reasons leading to suicide. But in the excessive aggressiveness of the child can not be blamed only for training. The negative impact of computer games, the influence of the media and changes in the value system in relations, disharmony in the family, namely constant quarrels between parents and fights - all these factors can also have a negative impact on the child's psyche. If your child has become too impulsive, quick-tempered, anxious or emotionally unstable, then it's time to turn to a psychologist or try to conduct a conversation on your own and find out what is the cause of the manifestation of aggression.

Infantile behavior

If you notice that the child is not behaving according to age and has childish habits, then the child can be considered infantile. Such students, engaged in a rather serious activity, continue to see in everything only entertainment and play. For example, during lessons the child, even without noticing it, can suddenly get distracted from work and start playing. Teachers usually regard this behavior as a violation of discipline and disobedience, but in this case, it must be borne in mind that the child does not do it at all to anger the teacher or get a reprimand. Even if a child develops normally or too quickly, some immaturity, light-heartedness and carelessness can still be seen in his behavior. Such children are vital to constantly feel someone's care or attention, they can not make their own decisions, being afraid of making mistakes or doing something wrong. They are defenseless, indecisive and naive.

Infantility can subsequently lead to undesirable consequences in society. A child who has this type of behavior is often influenced by peers or older children with antisocial attitudes. Without thinking, he is attached to actions and actions that violate the general discipline and rules. These children are characterized by such behavioral factors as experience and mental pain, because they are predisposed to caricature reactions.

Conformal behavior

Now let's talk about too disciplined behavior. Specialists call it conformal. As a rule, adults are proud of such behavior of their children, but it is just like all the above, it is a deviation from the norm. Unconditional obedience, blind adherence to rules contrary to one's opinion in some cases can lead even to more serious disorders of the child's psyche.

The reason for excessive subordination can be an authoritarian style of parenting, hyperoperation and control. Children in such families do not have the opportunity to develop in a creative way, since all their actions are limited to the parents' attitudes. They are very dependent on someone else's opinion, are prone to a rapid change of perspective under the influence of others. And as you have already understood, it is psychology of man that plays a very big role in the definition of behavior. By behavior, you can determine whether the child has problems with the psyche, how things are with his relatives, friends and friends, how balanced and calm he is.

Ways to correct children's behavior

The methods of correction directly depend on the nature of pedagogical neglect, the model of behavior and how the child as a whole is brought up. The way of life, the behavior of surrounding people and social conditions also play an important role. One of the main areas of correction is the organization of children's activities in accordance with their interests and hobbies. The task of any correction is to Activating and motivating children to struggle with their negative qualities, bad manners and bad habits. Of course, now there are other directions and methods for correcting deviations in the behavior of children, namely suggestion, bibliotherapy, music therapy, logotherapy, art therapy, igroterapiya. As mentioned above, the latter method is the most popular and effective.

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