How does the injection engine work?

The power supply system of the injector engine or, simply put, injection is a fuel feed system that is used for engines running on gasoline and has advantages over carburettor engines.

The injector engine makes easy start of the car irrespective of any weather conditions. Such a system can correct itself during operation, flexibly shifting the cooking parameters, the air-fuel mixture, based on the readings of the sensors, the information from which is fed to the electronic control unit (ECU).

To date, the injector engine has almost completely eliminated the use of an outdated carburetor system. With its appearance, the dynamics of overclocking has substantially improved, the amount of harmful substances released into the atmosphere has decreased, the consumption of motor fuel has decreased. He instantly reacts even to the minimum changes in the load.

Injection systems are classified according to the position and number of injectors. Currently, the most popular is the one with an injector engine with distributed fuel injection, where an individual nozzle is provided for each cylinder. All injectors are connected to a ramp in which the fuel is under pressure. It creates an electric gasoline pump. The amount of fuel injected into the system depends on the opening time of the injector.

How long it will be open, adjusts the computer (controller). The device of the injector engine is such that, based on the result of processing the readings from various sensors, the ECU starts the injection engine. The mass flow sensor is used to calculate the cycle of filling the cylinders. The volume of the consumed air is measured, then the electronic control unit recalculates in the cycles of cylinder filling. Engine power is increased to 10% due to improved filling of the cylinders, the optimum ignition timing, which corresponds to the operating mode of the engine. When the sensor breaks, calculations are made for certain tables.

The throttle position sensor is used to calculate the load on the motor. In the event of a change in engine operation, the cylinder filling cycles change the angle of rotation of the throttle valve.

The temperature sensor for the coolant is used to determine the correction of the fuel supply to the temperature parameters and to control the electric fan. If it fails, the reading is not taken into account, the parameters, depending on how long the engine is running, are taken from the emergency table.

In order for the system to work in sync, a polar sensor determining the crankshaft position is used to determine the engine speed, the crankshaft position at certain times . If the injector engine is not turned on correctly, it simply does not start. If this sensor breaks, the system will not work. It is very important, and if, with the failure of other controllers, the car can go, without it the car will not start.

In the injection system there is a feedback - in the exhaust system, immediately before the catalyst, the oxygen content sensor in the exhaust gases of the car (it is also called the lambda probe) is installed. The information that it gives is used by the system to correct the right amount of fuel delivered to the injector system, accurately maintaining the required parameters of the working mixture, hence, fuel consumption becomes more economical, and the level of toxicity of exhaust gases decreases.

Here are the main sensors necessary for the operation of the injector system. The power supply system of the injector engine, depending on which engine is installed on your car, can be equipped with various controllers.