Hla typing

The urgency of such problems as miscarriage and infertility is now increasingly increasing. Violation of the functioning of reproductive organs of male and female reproductive systems leads to similar conditions.

Among the reasons it is necessary to allocate both congenital pathologies, and acquired (infections, disorders of endocrine functions, immunological problems). Acquired pathological conditions are most often amenable to treatment, which can not be said about congenital (gene-level) changes.

Currently, the technique of extracorporeal fertilization is developing at a fast pace, however this method is not always effective and rarely gives the desired result.

Today, scientists have come to the conclusion that most failures in in vitro fertilization cause HLA-compatibility. Incompatibility of HLA-systems of spouses leads to gestosis during pregnancy, congenital malformations, spontaneous miscarriages and actual infertility of a woman.

HLA-system is nothing more than histocompatibility antigens, which are responsible for recognizing by the human body and its cell tissues own and alien.

In the case when a violation of the antigenic composition of human cells is detected, the mechanism of their immune destruction (immune response) is triggered. On foreign antigens, appropriate antibodies are produced, which remove the "conflict" cells.

The definite encoding by the HLA-combination of the genes of the sixth chromosome

Each of the genes has many different combinations (alleles).

HLA typing is performed to determine the histocompatibility of systems. It is the identification of alleles (variants) that is the result of typing.

All antigens can be divided into two main classes. The first is represented by the surface antigens of all cells, the second is antigens present on the surface of cells that participate in immunological reactions (this includes B- and T-lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells).

HLA-typing is performed by women according to the indications. Among them are:

- miscarriage,

- Infertility and other pathological conditions associated with the violation of reproduction.

Normally, a child receives both maternal and paternal genes to determine his own antibody composition.

Pathological is both a sharp discrepancy (difference) of antibodies, and their expressed similarity. In the first case, the mother's body begins to fight with foreign cells of the fetus, and in the second - the woman's organism does not perceive pregnancy as such.

HLA-typing of parents is conducted according to the second class of antigens (responsible for the immune activity of the body). To perform this diagnostic manipulation, it is necessary to take blood from the patient's vein . Subsequently, the allocation of leukocytes from the serum. HLA typing uses white blood cells to establish a polymerase chain reaction.

In the case when there is a similarity of phenotypes (according to HLA), therapy is carried out for the immunization of the mother with the leucocyte concentrate of the husband (the future father of the child). In addition, immunotherapy with immunoglobulins is carried out. All these techniques allow to activate the mother's immune system and stimulate its proper functioning.

Thus, HLA-typing is performed today in case of signs indicating a violation in the histocompatibility of the tissues of the mother and the child. The use of this diagnostic method allowed not only to determine the cause of miscarriage and infertility, but to develop and implement a whole range of therapeutic methods and techniques for the successful treatment of such pathological conditions.