Unintention of early pregnancy: causes, diagnosis, prevention, treatment

Unintention of pregnancy is not only a physical trauma for a woman, but also a moral one. It is for this reason that the maximum amount of information on diagnosis, causes, symptoms, treatment, as well as the prevention of spontaneous abortion was collected in the following article.

Not pregnant with early pregnancy is a very sad and, unfortunately, quite common phenomenon. According to statistics, every eighth woman's pregnancy is interrupted in the first twelve weeks. Most of them experience a miscarriage, while not suspecting that they were pregnant. And some of the possibility of losing the fetus are already spoken at the first consultations and advised to lie down for preservation.

Drug abortion is considered to be the least affecting the reproductive function and health of a woman. It is very important not to miss the deadline.

Interruption of pregnancy may not be noticed by a woman in the early stages. Postponement of the month is simply written off for a delay, and then begins heavy bleeding, which is accompanied by a sensation of pain. When the fetus is completely gone, the bleeding and pain cease, the woman may not even know that she was pregnant.

If the fetus does not come out completely, which is the cause of prolonged bleeding, a woman usually refers to a specialist who states miscarriage. Most doctors, in order to restore the female body, after such a case appoint a course of therapeutic therapy.

Causes

The reasons for miscarriage may be as follows:

• Hormonal disbalance.
• Genetic abnormalities.
• Infectious diseases.
• Rhesus factor.
• Medications.
• Injuries.
• Abortion in the past.

The threat of termination of pregnancy in the second trimester is markedly reduced. According to statistics, in the second trimester, only one in fifteen women is miscarried.

So, let's consider in more detail the above reasons for miscarriage.

Hormonal disbalance

In the female body, hormones and their proper balance are a prerequisite for the normal course of the pregnancy process. In some cases, failure in the hormonal background can result in a breakdown. Specialists identify progesterone as a very important hormone, which is required to maintain pregnancy. If his shortage was found in time, the woman is prescribed this hormone in the form of medications, as a result, the fruit can be saved.

In addition, the fetal balance is affected by the balance of androgens. With their overabundance in the body of a pregnant woman, the production of estrogen and progesterone is inhibited, and this is also a threat of miscarriage.

Infectious diseases

When preparing for pregnancy, a woman should take care of all existing chronic diseases. In addition, it is recommended to avoid infectious diseases. After getting into the female organism of the pathogen, the temperature can rise sharply, which also provokes miscarriage.

A particular threat to the fetus is a disease that is sexually transmitted. Therefore, future parents in the preparation for pregnancy should undergo examination and pass tests for these diseases. Due to the fact that this type of infection gets to the fetus through the blood, in most cases in the presence of pathology and diagnoses miscarriage.

Genetic abnormalities

The lion's share of all miscarriages occurs precisely for this reason. Physicians call a figure of 73% of their total number. In the modern world, this factor plays a huge role. Low-quality products, radiation contamination, polluted ecology - all this affects the female body on a daily basis.

To date, preparing for pregnancy, many women are trying to leave the polluted bustling city and spend this time in the most suitable environment. Despite the fact that these factors are not easily eliminated, the associated mutations are not considered hereditary, the next pregnancy can be successful.

Rhesus factor

This factor almost always provokes the termination of pregnancy already in the early stages. For this reason, if a woman has a Rh factor that is negative and a man has a positive one, this state of affairs can provoke Rh-conflict and, as a consequence, miscarriage.

To date, medicine has learned to cope with this problem through the introduction of a female body of progesterone. Thus, the fetus is protected from an aggressive female immune system. However, in this case, there may be a problem of miscarriage.

Medications

Experts recommend during this period to avoid taking medications, especially in the early stages. It is very important to exclude all analgesics and hormones. It is also undesirable to use folk recipes in which St. John's wort, nettle, cornflower and parsley are present as ingredients.

The stress factors

Sudden grief, quarrels in the family, or stress at work - all these are the causes of miscarriage at an early age. It should be minimized or, if possible, avoided these factors. An important role in creating a calm environment for a woman belongs to a man. If it is not possible to avoid the action of stressful factors, then doctors prescribe light sedatives.

Bad habits

Even before conception, it is necessary to stop taking alcohol and stop smoking. Smoking can adversely affect the fetal cardiovascular system. It is recommended to build a consistent system of healthy nutrition, with a set of essential minerals and vitamins. It is also necessary to adjust the daily routine.

Injuries

Along with the factors listed above, miscarriage at an early age can trigger a severe stroke, fall or lifting of heavy objects. Therefore, you should behave as carefully as possible.

Abortion in the past

This is not only an argument used to intimidate young women, but also a real factor of problems in the future. In some cases, abortion can lead to infertility and provoke chronic miscarriage.

Diagnosis

Miscarriage of pregnancy is a multifactorial disease in which many patients combine it with several pathogens at the same time. For this reason, the examination of patients should be carried out in a comprehensive manner and include all modern laboratory, instrumental and clinical methods.

During the examination, not only the causes of spontaneous abortion are established, but the state of the reproductive system is evaluated for the subsequent prevention of the appearance of such a condition.

Examination before pregnancy

The history includes the clarification of the presence of somatic, oncological, hereditary diseases and neuroendocrine pathology. Gynecologic history allows you to find out the presence of viral infection, inflammatory diseases of the genitals, features of reproductive and menstrual function (spontaneous abortions, childbirth, abortions), methods of therapy and other surgical interventions, gynecological diseases.

In the process of clinical examination, the examination, assessment of the skin condition, thyroid gland and obesity in accordance with the body mass index is performed. According to the hirsut number, the degree of hirsutism is determined, the condition of the internal organs is assessed, as well as the gynecological status. Absence or presence of ovulation, functional status of the ovaries are analyzed according to the menstrual calendar and rectal temperature.

Laboratory and instrumental methods of research

Diagnosis of miscarriage consists of the following studies:

• Hysterosalpinography - performed after the menstrual cycle on 17-13 days, allows you to exclude intrauterine synechia, malformations of the uterus, ICS.
• Ultrasound - determines the presence of adenomyosis, cysts, uterine myomas, assesses the condition of the ovaries. Specifies the state of the endometrium: endometrial hyperplasia, polyps, chronic endometritis.
• Infectious screening - it includes a microscopic examination of the vagina, urethra, uterine canal and bacteriological examination of the cervical canal, PCR diagnostics, and a test for virus carrying.
• Hormonal research. It is performed on the 5th or 7th day of the cycle, subject to regular menstruation, in patients with oligo and amenorrhea - on any day. The content of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, DHEA sulfate, cortisol, testosterone, FGS, LH, prolactin is determined. Progesterone can be determined only in patients with a regular cycle: in the first phase of the cycle for 5-7 days, in the second phase of the cycle - on the 6-7 day of rising rectal temperature. In women with adrenal hyperandrogenia, a small sample with dexamethasone is performed to determine the optimal therapeutic dose.
• To determine the risk of miscarriage, it is necessary to determine the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-HG and to analyze the features of the hemostasis system.
• If there is a suspicion of a pathology of the endometrium and / or an intrauterine pathology under the control of hysteroscopy, diagnostic scraping is performed .
• If suspicion of the presence of adhesive stress in the pelvis, the pathology of the tubes, genital endometriosis, with scleropolyakistoznye ovaries and uterine myoma is indicated by operative laparoscopy.
• The examination of a man includes the definition of a hereditary history, analysis of the expanded spermogram, the presence of neuroendocrine and somatic diseases, as well as the clarification of the inflammatory and immune factors.

After the causes of the habitual miscarriage of pregnancy are determined, a set of therapeutic measures is appointed.

Pregnancy examination

Observation during pregnancy should begin immediately after its onset, and it consists of the following research methods:

• Determination of DHEA-sulfate and DHEA.
• Periodic determination of HG in the blood.
• Ultrasound scanning.
• If necessary, counseling with a psychotherapist and a psychologist.

Prevention

According to statistical data, the incidence of spontaneous miscarriage is 1 case for 300 pregnancies. Despite the fact that the probability of miscarriage with an increase in the period decreases, in the last trimester, this indicator is about 30%. It also often happens that premature birth and miscarriage in women occur repeatedly. As a result, a diagnosis is established - habitual miscarriage (treatment will be considered below).

The causes of this disease are manifold, in most cases, premature delivery or miscarriage leads to a whole complex of them. In this case, their action can be either sequential or simultaneous. A woman who has a tiring job in conjunction with nervous and physical overloads or a low socioeconomic position automatically falls into a risk group.

In addition, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, bronchial asthma, vascular and heart disease, regular intoxication with narcotic substances, alcohol, tobacco smoke are among the factors that increase the likelihood of pathology. If a woman has complications of pregnancy, or obstructed obstetric history, then this also applies to risk factors for spontaneous miscarriage or abortion. It is important to remember that at short periods spontaneous interruption can be a biological mechanism of natural selection, for this reason, miscarriage is not yet a harbinger of a subsequent unsuccessful pregnancy.

In fact, the prevention of miscarriage is reduced to two main points:

1. Timely examination of the body of a woman and a man.
2. Healthy lifestyle.

It is very important to determine a man's presence of hereditary diseases, infections, to carry out an analysis of sperm and complete the treatment of all existing problems.

A woman is faced with a more difficult task. It should be clarified whether there were somatic, neuroendocrine, oncological diseases, as are the case with hereditary pathologies.

Also, the characteristics of reproductive and menstrual function are studied in the framework of prophylaxis, the presence of obesity and its degree is revealed, the condition of the skin is assessed.

It is advisable to apply for instrumental examinations. Quite informative is hysterosalpingography, which is carried out in the second half of the menstrual cycle. As a result, it is possible to determine whether the patient has intrauterine pathologies. Results of ultrasound of the pelvic organs allow to diagnose the presence of endometriosis, fibroids, cysts, as well as assess the status of the ovaries.

It is important to study smears from the urethra, the cervical canal and the vagina. Hormonal research is desirable to perform in the first half of the menstrual cycle. In addition, you need to think about conducting a blood test, which will include coagulation factors. This will allow to determine the presence of antibodies such as anti-HC, anticardoidolipin and lupus.

Treatment

Treatment of miscarriage occurs in the following sequence: clarification and subsequent elimination of the cause.

One of the reasons is infection of the fetus, resulting from infection of amniotic fluid or penetration through the placenta pathogens. In this case, spontaneous termination of pregnancy occurs subsequently in the contractile activity of the uterus, triggered by acute intoxication or outpouring of amniotic fluid prematurely, which is caused by a change in the structure of the membranes under the action of infectious agents. Treatment in such a situation can be successful, since the child's ability to withstand negative factors increases with the increase in the period of pregnancy.

In the prevention of this disease, it is necessary to include consultations of the endocrinologist, since hormonal deficiency can lead to abnormal restructuring of the endometrium and its depletion, which is also considered a prerequisite for miscarriage. Hyperandrogenism (a pathological condition) is also characterized by a hormonal nature and can be the cause of spontaneous interruption.

The acquired or congenital organic pathology of the organs of the reproductive system is also the cause of miscarriage. In addition, the causes of this disease include psychological overload, stress, the effects of certain medications, various diseases, intimate life in pregnancy.

Even with the diagnosis of the habitual miscarriage of pregnancy, the possibility of spontaneous interruption of it can be significantly reduced provided that the specialists are constantly monitored and complex prevention is carried out.