History of volleyball. The history of the emergence and development of volleyball

Until the early 1930's on the world arena, volleyball was not given due attention to leisure and recreation. The history of the emergence of the game "volleyball" on different continents is not the same, because in different parts of the world there were different rules of the game. However, national championships were played in many countries (for example, in Eastern Europe, where the level was quite high). Thus, volleyball was becoming more and more competitive sport, characterized by high physical and technical activity. How did it all start?

Volleyball father William G. Morgan

The ancestor of the now popular game was born in 1870 in Lockport City, New York, where he spent his childhood, attending a public school and working on his father's boat on the bank of the Old Canal Erie. In 1891, fate brought the young Morgan with James A. Naismith, who was destined to become the ancestor of basketball. After completing the preparatory school at Northfield, Morgan continued his education at the International Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Sprinfield (now Springfield College). In Sprinfield, the young talent, honing his sports skills, took part in the famous football team of the college under the direction of Alonzo A. Stagga, one of the "Grand Masters of Football". In 1894, after graduating from school, Morgan agreed with the proposal of the director of the association and took a similar position as coach at Holyoke of Massachusetts. It was at this time was laid the history of volleyball. In short we can say that it was thanks to James A. Naismith that Morgan got a chance to light his star in the sporting field.

A game for middle-aged people?

In 1895, before the director William. G. Morgan had a dilemma: sports skills and training in the required volume should be received by people of any age, but the newly emerged basketball game became popular only in children. For local middle-aged business people, she was too tense, because she took a lot of energy and did not allow to relax. Morgan faced the task - you need to come up with such physical exercises, in which you can play with pleasure and after work, and during lunch break. As Morgan defined the task: "The game must be with a strong sporting impulse, but without physical aggressive contact."

Then he decided to create a symbiosis of several games, take the best and do something new; This is the path of development that the history of the game went through. Volleyball includes elements of basketball (ball), tennis (grid), handball (the use of manual ball feeding from a long distance), baseball (the concept of innings). All skills successfully embodied in the game "Mintonet", as it was then called by the creator. Although first the recognition of the game was incomplete, yet it was successful enough to win the audience at the YMCA directors' sports conference held at Sprinfield.

The history of volleyball is that it was at this conference that Dr. Alfred Halstead, a professor at Sprinfield College, suggested the word "volleyball" as the title of the game.

Amendments and finalizations of the rules

A lot of changes have passed the history of volleyball, so that the game has reached us in such an image, as we know it now. As already mentioned, above all, the original name of the game itself has changed. Agree, it would be difficult to imagine Carcha Kirali (an American volleyball player, a 3-time Olympic champion in classical and beach volleyball), playing on the beach in a Mintonet! The number of players was also changed: initially the team was allowed to have as many players as could fit on half of the 10x5 meter platform, namely nine people. However, after the innovations, the number decreased to 6 in the team.

Early games in the Morgan gym were played with a ball with a rubberized camera. But already in 1896 Spalding sports company released the first official volleyball, and by 1900 the standard form and weight of the ball were almost identical to the dimensions that are used today.

The grid was significantly higher than in modern games to make it more challenging to play volleyball. The rules of the game and the history of development have since changed significantly. Today the height of the net is 2.43 m and a little more than 2.24 m for women. In accordance with the original rules of volleyball, the team had to score 21 points to win, and in 1917 this number was reduced to 15. Also in 1922 the number of allowed ball touches was limited to three.

Volleyball outside the USA

Despite the fact that the history of volleyball emerged slowly enough during the first few years, it quickly spread beyond America thanks to representatives of the sports association, who often visited missionary schools in Asia. The game in short terms took an honorable place among the eastern games, and already in 1913 volleyball took root in Russia. During the international competition that began in the 1950s, Russia was the dominant team and showed excellent results. In Europe, everywhere became interested in volleyball during the First World War.

In 1913 the history of volleyball developed on the Asian continent productively, this year the game was included in the program of the first Far Eastern games organized in Manila. It should be noted that for a long time in Asia they played by obsolete rules, which meant a team of 16 players (for more people and popularizing the game).

The most popular sport was acquired after the creation of official management bodies and representative offices. In 1928 there was the United States Volleyball Association, in 1947. It was renamed the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB). In 1949, the first men's championship was held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.

Popularity indicators

The figures for the growth in the number of players in volleyball have grown steadily, as described in the 1916 article written by Robert K. Kabbun with the participation of Spalding. Kabbun estimates that the number of players has reached a total of 200,000 people, of which the youth groups are distributed as follows: 70,000 in the YMCA (boys, youths and elderly people); 50,000 in the YWCA (girls and women). , In schools (boys and girls) - 25 000 people. And in colleges (boys) 10 000 people.

In 1916, the YMCA managed to provoke a powerful growth in the popularity of the game among the students of the National University Sports Association (NCAA), publishing a set of rules and a whole series of articles on volleyball.

From the gym to the sand

In 1940 another style of volleyball developed. Teams from two or four players competed in improvised contests on the sandy beaches of California, and soon the best teams began to travel up or down the coast to meet in fights with other teams. The first beach volleyball tournament was held in California in 1948.

The main success for beach volleyball came after television broadcast the championship at the Atlanta Olympics in 1996. The history of the game was marked by the overwhelming success of the FIVB Swatch World Tour, and beach volleyball opened a completely new road to the international level.

Beach volleyball

The Beach Volleyball Association was founded in 1965 with the aim of distinguishing and standardizing the rules and holding official tournaments. By 1976, the best players competed for the prize fund as recognized athletes, in 1983 the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed by male players. For the prize fund, the best players in volleyball compete as recognized athletes. Women created their own association in 1986.

When the Olympic stars of volleyball began to hold competitions on the beaches, this sport became even more popular. Beach volleyball spread from California to Florida, and then to other states, even those that do not have beaches. In some areas, they were playing indoors on sand arenas. By 1993, beach volleyball had become so popular in the United States that the tournaments were broadcast on national television.

In 1987, the first international match was held between two men's teams (volleyball). Women played the first tournament of such a plan in 1993.

Golden rewards

Very quickly it became obvious that volleyball fell in love not only with middle-aged men, as originally conceived, but also for young girls. The first American national volleyball championships for women were played in 1949, 54 years after the birth of the game. The first international competitions in Moscow for women were held in 1952.

Today men's and women's competitions in classical and beach volleyball are part of the Olympic Games. For the first time the Olympic sport became a sport in 1964 in Japan. The host country, Japan and the Soviet Union, met in the finals as leaders, and Soviet athletes took gold in the women's category. In the men's volleyball category, the Soviet Union also had the advantage, after winning the first Olympic Games our athletes won medals in each of the next five games. The US men's volleyball team managed to win in 1984 and 1988.

The history of the emergence and development of volleyball on the sand appeared much later than the classical game. Beach volleyball became an Olympic sport in Atlanta only in 1996 (in the tournament between the USA, Brazil and Australia).

Over the past decade, the game has received a new round of development in the sports arena: international competitions of such tournaments as the FIVB World Championship, the World League, the World Grand Prix Championship, the Olympic Games have with great success.

Volleyball in Russia

Despite the fact that volleyball was invented in America, in Russia the game quickly took root and fell in love. And so much so that in Germany it was nicknamed the Russian people's. And no wonder, because it is the Russian champions gave the game unique properties: maneuverability, athleticism, speed. Back in the 1920s, with the participation of American coaches, volleyball teams were organized in some Russian cities, and in 1922 this sport became interested in Moscow and included it in the training program. Young sportsmen everywhere started to compete in this sport. In all the republics of the Soviet Union the game deserved recognition, especially after its inclusion in the sports contest. Soviet champions 4 times took gold in world cups, 6 times became winners of international championships and 12 times winners of Europe.

After the collapse of the USSR, the history of volleyball in Russia does not end. In 1991, the All-Russian Volleyball Federation was created, which retained the knowledge of Soviet instructors. In 1993, the men's team took part in the World League, where it takes an honorable second place. In the same year in Turku athletes get a bronze medal at the intercontinental tournament. Then follows the band of failures until 1999 when the team appears coach G. Ya. Shipulin, with whom the team receives a silver medal in the European tournament and wins the World Cup. The path to the laurels was very difficult, because the Russian team was confronted by the strongest teams of Holland, Italy, the Czech Republic, Greece, Yugoslavia. Volleyball of Russia once again flourished only in 2002, when the team earned a victory in the World League.

The next competitions - the World Championship and the Beijing Olympics - were marked by good results in the game and defeats in the last decisive tournaments, and yet bronze was consistent with the athletes. 2012-2013 are marked by new stellar victories for Russia - at the 2012 Olympics and at the European Championships.

The history of volleyball in numbers. The most significant events and dates

1895: William G. Morgan (1870-1942) creates a game of volleyball.

1896: the ball for volleyball is developed and launched in production.

1922: the first national championships were held in Brooklyn, New York, in which 27 teams from 11 countries took part.

1928: it becomes clear that tournaments and rules are necessary. The American Volleyball Association is being formed.

1930s: the birth of beach volleyball on the beaches of Santa Monica, California.

1934: approval and recognition of national judges in volleyball.

1947: International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) is founded; The history and rules of volleyball are officially documented .

1948: The first beach tournament.

1949: international championships in Prague.

1964: Volleyball is included in the list at the Olympic Games in Tokyo.

1965: The Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) is formed.

1983: creation of the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP).

1996: beach volleyball debuted as an Olympic sport.

1997: Dane Blanton becomes the first African-American professional beach soccer player to win the Miller Lite / AVP tournament.

2007: Kirche Kirali leaves a star career, leaving behind an unforgettable track. Kirali is already a history of volleyball. We can briefly say about his achievements that he won tournaments for 24 years, his team was in the semi-finals in more than 75% of all the championships in which he participated.