Hemorrhagic stroke: causes, consequences

Hemorrhagic stroke is a cerebral hemorrhage from the cerebral vessels, which leads to a violation of the blood supply, the development of edema and even the displacement of the brain.

Hemorrhagic stroke has several reasons for development. The most common, the primary cause is hypertensive disease, when due to high blood pressure and thinning of the walls of blood vessels there is a rupture and leakage of blood to the brain. Secondary hemorrhages are observed in congenital anomalies of cerebral vessels, such as aneurysm and are rare.

A hemorrhagic stroke begins suddenly, with a loss of consciousness, down to a coma. The skin becomes red-cyanotic color, body temperature rises to 40 degrees, breathing becomes hoarse, pneumonia and pulmonary edema often join . The pupil is enlarged, does not react to light, eyes randomly move, the head is turned in the opposite side of the lesion. At the beginning of the disease, increased reflexes from the opposite side of the hemorrhage focus are noted, and urinary and fecal incontinence is later added.

From focal symptomatology with a hemorrhage into the brain stem appears nystagmus, a violation of breathing and cardiac activity. When the hemorrhage in the ventricles of the brain develops convulsions, low tone in the flexors of the arms and extensors of the legs. With the appearance of pain in the occipital region, impaired coordination of movements, nausea and vomiting, hemorrhage to the cerebellum can be suspected.

When examining the blood, leukocytosis, lymphopenia is detected, blood sugar and urine, residual nitrogen, serious changes on the ECH of the EG, EEG, and rheovasography are increased. The condition of patients is regarded as extremely difficult, patients die more often in the first day due to serious disorders, compression of important parts of the brain, edema and tissue necrosis.

With improvement of hemodynamics in patients who underwent hemorrhagic stroke, recovery processes begin that can last for years. It begins with the restoration of movements in the limbs, in the fingers, then muscle tonus, reflexes and speech are restored.

If a patient is suspected of hemorrhagic stroke, treatment is carried out in a steady state for at least three weeks. Distinguish conservative and surgical treatment. Upon admission to the clinic, the patient must necessarily be examined by a neurosurgeon in order to conduct the necessary examination, to prescribe adequate treatment and to achieve a favorable outcome of the disease. Only with conservative treatment there is a lethality of up to 50%, and after neurosurgical surgery, an unfavorable outcome occurs in less than 25% of patients.

The main task of surgical treatment is the maximum removal of blood clots with minimal damage to the brain tissue. Indications for neurosurgical surgery is cerebral hemorrhage and hematomas over 20 ml, which cause brain displacement. In these cases, open trepanation of the skull, sometimes resort to puncture, endoscopic aspiration of blood clots, or conduct local fibrinolysis.

Untimely treated hemorrhagic stroke, the consequences of which are severe enough for the life and health of patients often leads to persistent disability of patients.

When a stroke occurs, the blood dissolves in the brain tissues, this leads to inflammation, necrosis and the inability of the part of the brain to work. After a stroke, the patient may have motor disorders, paralysis and paresis, there may be a violation of understanding of speech, there are certain difficulties in the counting, writing, reading. The sight of a person may refuse to correctly perceive what he has seen, the patient will not be able to pick up a pen, a spoon, eat soup from a plate.

Violation of the swallowing process, when food can get into the trachea, and not into the esophagus. A person can lose the ability to learn new things, memory, thinking, logic suffer. Finally, the behavior of the patient begins to break, aggression manifests itself, depression slows down, the person can cry or laugh without reason, incontinence of feces and urine, violent, violent character, headaches that can not be removed after taking analgesics.