Classification of accommodation facilities and hotels: description and features

An important part of the organization of tourist activities is the creation of accommodation for travelers. Due to the wide variety of tourism and its goals, there are many types of such organizations. A single classification of hotels and other accommodation facilities has not yet been worked out, but there are several basic approaches.

Individual and collective accommodation facilities

The simplest classification of accommodation facilities is based on the number of guests. International practice divides such places into individual and collective ones. The first include private apartments, cottages, villas and similar facilities that are rented to tourists for accommodation. To the second - hotels, boarding houses, sanatoriums, motels, tourist bases. It is the latter group that is the object of our consideration. Their diversity makes it possible to classify collective accommodation facilities on various grounds. Among such places of accommodation can be identified hotels and similar institutions (hostels, motels), specialized recreational facilities (summer camps, health resorts - sanatoriums, rest homes, public transport means - boaters, rallies, congress centers, other collective recreational places (camping sites , Tent parking and the like).

The concept of hotels and accommodation facilities

Any classification of hotels, accommodation facilities is built on certain features of the facilities. But before talking about typologies, you need to understand what institutions can be attributed to hotels. They have certain characteristics:

• Have a numbered fund;
• Provide a variety of services, not counting the filling of beds, cleaning;
• Have a single direction.

Under a wide class of hotels means institutions such as hotels, guest houses, hostels, motels.

Variants of classifications

Classification of hotels and other accommodation facilities can be carried out on various grounds:

• In size.
• By target markets. In this case, the reason for dividing into groups are the goals with which tourists come. On this basis, hotels are allocated for tourists-travelers, business travelers. That is, transit and permanent places of residence.
• By price level. Allocate budget, economic, medium, apartments, luxury accommodation.
• According to the mode of operation: year-round and seasonal.
• By the degree of comfort.

It is also possible to classify the accommodation facilities and other features. This information is outlined below.

Level of comfort

There is also a classification of accommodation facilities by the level of services provided. The criteria for referring to a particular group are: the number of rooms in the hotel, the equipping of common areas, equipment, maintenance, the number of attendants, accessibility for people with disabilities. In this classification hotels are allocated:

• Luxury class. Such establishments are located more often in the center of the city, in the most prestigious buildings, have a large serving staff, reaching a ratio of 1: 1. They always have excellent, designer, often thematic, design of premises, exclusive furniture, a lot of different equipment, good cuisine, a high-end number of rooms. Usually in such hotels there are no more than 400 rooms, and more often and much less.
• High-class hotels. Such establishments can have a large enough (up to 2000) and diverse number of rooms, are located within the city, they are characterized by high-quality design and modern equipment, well-trained staff and a wide range of services at prices above the average.
• The middle level. The hotels of the mass segment can be very large, the number of rooms includes both suites and budget options, the design is standard, as is the list of services. The staff is professional, but in small quantities. These hotels can be located within the city and in the suburbs, and prices are in the middle range of the region.
• Apart-hotels. A special kind of hotel type apartments with self-catering kitchen: staff only prepares rooms for the arrival of guests. Usually the situation in such establishments is rather modest, but there is everything necessary, including kitchen equipment. The rooms in them are few, the prices are medium and below average.
• Economy-class hotels. Such establishments are designed for an unassuming tourist, here the minimum of amenities, personnel and equipment, but low prices.

The size

Classification of placement facilities by size allows us to distinguish:

• Small hotels. In Europe and the United States, these are hotels with up to 100 rooms, while in Russia the scale is smaller and a small hotel is an institution with no more than 50 rooms.
• Average hotels. From 100 to 300 numbers, and in Russia to 200.
• Large hotels. They usually have between 300 and 600 numbers.
• The Giants. This hotels with a huge number of rooms - more than 600 pieces. In the USSR, this was the hotel "Russia".

International Classification

The classification system of accommodation facilities varies from country to country. Throughout the world, the most popular typology is the starry hotels, but in the UK, for example, they use crowns or keys instead, and India has a point system.

To classify a hotel in a certain category, many factors are taken into account, but more often they include: the status of the number of rooms, the quality and the number of services offered, including supplementary services, food quality, the state of the building and adjacent territories, the design of the room and the geographical location, the number And the level of attendants.

Characteristics of the "star" classification

In international practice, the following parameters have been established, which the hotel must meet in order to be classified as a category:

• One star. Such hotels offer minimal comfort, usually there are few rooms, most of which are multi-bedded, a bathroom, as a rule, common. They do not have additional services, they often do not even offer meals.
• Two stars. Such hotels offer night and shower services. All the rest - for a fee. Usually in the same building there is a cafe or restaurant, the number of rooms is modest, with a small number of singles.
• Three stars. This is the most common type of hotel, offering a standard set of services: bed, breakfast, bathroom in the room. They have a large list of additional services.
• Four stars. These are luxury hotels: here we are talking not only about the set of services, but also about the excellent design, service.
• Five Stars. Here everything speaks of luxury: location, design of rooms, design, cuisine in the restaurant. Hotels offer a huge list of services. In such hotels to live not only comfortably, but also prestigious.