Fruit trees and shrubs. Fruit and berry trees and shrubs

Buying a house, the first thing the owner thinks about is the arrangement of his own land. And what kind of garden can there be if there are no fruit trees and shrubs in it? In fact, unlike flowers or lawns, they will delight the view for many years. And if you take into account the harvest of fruits every year (of course, with proper care), then trees and shrubs will not be at all prices.

The layout of the garden

Planning a plot of land is not just a matter of beauty. The future of your trees and bushes depends on it. The most common mistake of budding gardeners is a dense planting of seedlings, which has rather unpleasant consequences. This leads to the struggle of the root systems of neighboring trees for nutrients. And any confrontation leads to the victory of some and the defeat of others. Therefore one tree will grow better, and the other will wither. What to do? Experts recommend paying attention to the proper planning of the garden, as fruit trees and shrubs like freedom and space.

Planting bushes and trees

If you decide to organize your own land, you need to do the following: prepare the soil for planting and purchase seedlings. To fruit trees and shrubs bring a good harvest, they need a deeply loosened and fertile land. Ideal preparation of the soil consists in the long-term maintenance of the site under perennial grasses, continuous fertilization with mineral and organic substances and deep plowing with a tractor plow. But finance and time do not always provide an opportunity to accomplish all this. In an extreme case, you can limit the removal of all weeds on the site and fertilizing the soil. Then you need to prepare pits for seedlings. Grooves should be large, especially if the soil is not very fertile. Then in the holes it will be necessary to fill in the previously prepared soil and fertilizers, and then everything must be watered abundantly. Saplings are best purchased in industrial nurseries. They are also bought in horticultural shops. Two-year-old seedlings of fruit trees and shrubs are best taken. When choosing, pay attention to the formation of the crown and the development of the root system. Each species and variety of wood or shrub has its own peculiarities of planting. Therefore, it is necessary to study the information in accordance with the available seedlings.

Care of the fruit and berry garden

Planting trees and shrubs is only one of the stages of an important process. Then you need to pay attention to caring for plants. Sometimes it takes several years before the garden begins to yield a sufficient number of fruits. And to achieve this, you need to make considerable efforts. Experienced gardeners recommend immediately after the first post-planting irrigation to mulch holes around the trees. To do this, it is best to use peat or humus. This is done to protect the earth from drying out.

An important point is loosening. Thus, you remove the weeds and provide airflow to the roots. But do not overdo it and do not hurt them. Roots and so are vulnerable in connection with their movement from one soil to another. If the planting was done in autumn, then trees, like bushes, need to be bored to protect them from winter frosts. After a spring planting, hilling, on the contrary, will only hurt, as it will prevent the flow of air to the roots. Now it becomes clear how much patience and attention requires fruit trees and shrubs. Care of them, of course, will pay off already with the first harvest.

Formation of a fruit tree crown

To give the correct form of a tree, it is pruned. As a result of this process, the growth of the young seedlings is also regulated and the quality of the fruit is increased. Periodic pruning will ensure the growth of strong trees. But if this procedure is carried out with violation of mandatory rules, it reduces winter hardiness of wood, thickens the crown and lowers the quality of the fruit. There are two main methods of pruning, depending on the purpose of its fulfillment - thinning and shortening. Without the procedure under consideration, fruit trees and shrubs will not grow properly and will not yield a good harvest.

Plant protection

In order to save the garden, you need to understand the main rule: do not wait, when you have to correct something, do preventive maintenance. Fruit and berry trees and shrubs often suffer from pests or diseases. To prevent this, follow these rules:

1. Plants that are affected by diseases or parasites can not be brought into the garden.
2. You do not need to plant trees or bushes densely. It is the jungle that is the best place for pest habitat.
3. Try to protect the trees from frost. Do not apply mechanical damage to them and necessarily cut slices whose diameter is more than 1 cm.
4. Remember that the crowns need to be trimmed in time, before or after the juice stops flowing.
5. In summer it is necessary to loosen the soil around the plant, and in the spring and autumn - to dig.
6. Extra feeding of fruit trees and shrubs does not bring benefit.
7. It is necessary to destroy the nests of harmful insects and collect mummified fruits. Take care of useful insects.

Berry bushes

The most common crops among berry bushes are raspberries, currants, gooseberries, viburnum, cranberries, blueberries, blackberries and blueberries. Each species has its own growing characteristics. For example, currants and raspberries are best planted in areas with sufficient moisture. Plants are well established there. But, unlike raspberries, currants require more sunlight. No shrub does not like wetlands. Most crops can be planted in groups or in single rows. All shrubs, except raspberries, can be placed in the inter-row of fruit trees. You can not allow the thickening of plants. Otherwise, they begin to ache and give sour and small berries. This leads to a degeneration of culture.

Fruit-berry trees and bushes require a lot of time and energy. Plants need to be planted, taken care of and protected from pests.