Fracture of hip

The longest and largest segment of the human skeleton is the femur. It differs physiological curves, therefore it has a saber-like shape. Both ends of the segment take part in the formation of large joints - the hip and knee.

The upper (proximal) edge is represented by the head of the bone. In the acetabulum of the pelvis, its rotation occurs.

The lower (distal) bone margin is represented as two condyles covered with hyaline cartilage. They take part in the formation of the knee joint.

Along the entire length of the bone, capsule-tendon formations and various muscles are attached.

Fracture of the hip can occur on any segment of the segment. After reaching a certain age (usually pension), the injuries of the proximal (upper) department are more likely. This is due to the deterioration of the trophism (nutrition) of the bone tissue of this site.

Fracture of the femur may be fragmentary, comminuted, transverse, oblique, multi-lobed, spiral.

Depending on the location, violations of the bone integrity of the head or neck are distinguished. Fracture of the hip can be and overwhelming. Such trauma, as a rule, is typical for people in old age.

Fracture of the femur in the diaphysis (body) and the distal end (condyles) occurs as a result of increased kinetic energy, which is directed at any of these sites.

Symptoms of bone integrity disorders depend on the degree of damage. Injury of the proximal margin (upper) is accompanied by deformation in the region of the hip joint, edema. In this case, the lower limb, as a rule, is rotated outward and brought inside. Performing minor movements provokes sudden sudden pain in the hip joint. The reference function is absent.

When injuring the proximal margin and diaphysis, deformation and puffiness are noted. Fracture of the femur with displacement may be characterized by abnormal mobility of the fragments. One of the serious complications of breach of bone integrity is a profuse hemorrhage into the soft tissue. Fractures of any segment are accompanied by a defeat of the supporting function of the lower limb.

The use of a complex of individual clinical and diagnostic data makes it possible to determine most precisely the violation of bone integrity. The main instrumental method in the study is radiography. At the same time, taking into account the development of medical technologies, the use of computed tomography in diagnosing makes it possible to identify the complexity and degree of damage with maximum accuracy.

Fracture of the hip. Treatment

Today, the main therapeutic method is surgery. It is aimed at restoring the patient as soon as possible.

In cases of hip fractures , endoprosthetics are most often used. Timely intervention allows to prevent severe, rapidly developing complications.

When traumatizing the stern region, as a rule, metallosteosynthesis is used. The use of special constructions allows fixing bone fragments, thus ensuring their fusion (consolidation).

With fractures of the body (diaphysis), the choice of the operative method depends on the type of injury. Individually, the use of intraosseous and hepatic fixation is determined.

It should be noted that the main task of a traumatologist is to use the surgical method of treatment to achieve the most accurate coincidence of bone fragments and restore the motor function of the limb.