Excretory system of man: brief and clear

The amount of food that we eat in all life is estimated at tens of tons, the number of drinks consumed is of the same magnitude. So far, no one has burst, although jokes on this topic will always be. The fact is that everything that enters the body goes through a complex cycle, connected with grinding and chemical transformation. A deduces waste is the excretory system of man. Presentation on this topic will be small. You need 4 pages: about the kidneys, lungs, rectum with the liver, skin.

Kidneys are the largest workers of the body in the matter of isolation: 70% of all wastes are excreted by them. They work with the most toxic substances that are normal in the body - products of protein metabolism: creatinine, urea and uric acid. They also deal with the regulation of the amount of fluid, salts and help get rid of foreign substances. The kidneys are safely hidden from all sides: nature protects these organs of the excretory system of man. If one of the kidneys is sick, the second takes care of all the work.

The product of the kidneys - urine - is made from blood, although it does not have the noble reputation of the latter. Although in India, even this liquid was treated with respect. There is nothing in the urine that is not in the blood. Kidneys take from the blood all unnecessary, and the body is left with useful substances. Blood in the kidney passes through 2 stages of transformation. First, very much, even useful, is taken from it, then the necessary one is absorbed back. For the first process, little energy is needed, the second is very costly, so a small kidney consumes about 10% of all the oxygen that has got to the body. So much excretory system of a person needs oxygen.

The more urine leaves, the denser the blood becomes in the vessels, and vice versa. And the amount of fluid in the blood vessels directly depends on blood pressure. If the pressure drops - even the filtration can not occur, and if the pressure is very high, nephrons (functional units) will start to fail in large numbers. To protect themselves, the kidneys produce renin. This hormone allows you to adjust the pressure. Since the kidneys are critically in need of oxygen, they produce erythropoietin, which causes the bone marrow to create red blood cells - carriers of oxygen. So every time you do not have enough air during running, know that the kidneys give at that time a signal for the production of red blood cells.

Urine descends into the bladder, where it accumulates until the moment when an adult decides to empty it. In a small child this process is controlled by the spinal cord, but in two years the corresponding centers of the brain mature and the child is accustomed to going to the pot. However, even an adult can lose control over the process of urination if the urine in the bladder is more than 500 ml. It can not be tolerated for a long time: stagnation of urine and the formation of stones are possible.

If the kidneys do not cope, many problems can solve the skin. It evaporates up to a liter a day. If the kidneys are sick, sweat can smell like urine. Also, substances are released to the outside of the lungs - including 400 ml of water.

The excretory system of a person also includes the rectum. It is associated with the liver, because most of the toxic substances of the feces are obtained from the bile, and the liver forms the bile from the "substances" taken from the blood. However, excretion of the feces is not easy - the muscles of the abdominal and intestine muscles work simultaneously. The rectum is evacuated normally once a day, on average, about 150 g out of us. The kidneys produce about 45 liters of urine per month. So the load on these organs is considerable.

The excretory system of a person works in a coordinated manner, if problems arise in one body, others take up someone else's work. If the liver or kidneys are ill, the products of protein metabolism remove the lungs and skin, if the liver does not cope with the waste of hemoglobin metabolism, then the kidneys will be engaged in it.