Dislocation of the shoulder joint.

The shoulder joint consists of the head of the humerus, scapula and clavicle. The head of the humerus enters the articular cavity of the scapula, which has a thick cartilaginous roller along its edge. Cartilages allow articular surfaces to articulate sufficiently tightly, which facilitates movement in the joint. All the surfaces of the bones are ideally suited to each other, due to which a person can move the hand in three planes. However, such a high mobility of the joint leads to its instability, i.e. There may be dislocations, subluxations and sprain of the ligament apparatus.

Above the shoulder joint is covered with a dense capsule, which is a fixing system that keeps all articular surfaces of the joint in place.

Dislocation of the shoulder joint - a violation of the stability of articular surfaces when exposed to too much physical exertion or movement simultaneously in different planes, resulting in the motor function of the joint being blocked.

Dislocations of the shoulder joint are divided according to the plane in which the jamming occurs, to:

- front - the head moves relative to the articular cavity forward, under the corpuscles of the scapula;

- posterior dislocations are characterized by wedging the head back;

- lower - displacement of the head below the articular cavity of the scapula.

The dislocation of the shoulder joint occurs most often, To move the head in this position is easiest. For example, when performing a sudden throw or fall on the shoulder joint. With such a traumatization of the joint, a rupture of the joint capsule is quite common, a very dangerous and painful complication of the dislocation. Also, the cartilaginous rim of the articular cavity can be detached - a very unfavorable sign of a dislocation.

Dislocation of the shoulder joint back is much less likely, most likely because the mechanism of this injury is very unusual and the circumstances for its occurrence are rare. In order to get a posterior dislocation of the shoulder, it is necessary to fall on the arm stretched forward or hang for a long time on one hand, then under dislocation of the entire weight, a dislocation may also occur. The peculiarity of the clinical symptomatology of posterior dislocations is that the patient is not able to lower his arm down, so they enter the hospital with their arm raised.

In addition to physical impact from the outside, some disorders and pathological processes can lead to dislocations in the shoulder joint:

- increased mobility in the shoulder joint, which is characterized by too large amplitude of motion;

- Plastic disorders in bone and cartilage tissues, resulting in the strength of bone tissue is significantly reduced, and therefore, they are easiest to shift relative to each other;

- Frequent dislocations and subluxations, or they are also called habitual dislocation of the shoulder joint, also lead to weakening of the ligamentous apparatus of the joint, as a result of which the capsule is unable to hold the articular surfaces in the desired position.

Dislocation of the shoulder joint: treatment.

The main tactic in the treatment of dislocation is not to harm. The first aid should consist only in good immobilization of the joint. Then the patient should be hospitalized in a hospital to confirm the diagnosis and a qualified correction of the dislocation.

Patients with dislocations should be necessarily made radiography in two projections to exclude fracture of bones.

If the diagnosis of the dislocation is confirmed, then the bones need to be put in their place to restore the mobility of the joint. Traumatologists sometimes apply methods of traction with certain joint dislocations.

Effective for dislocations is physiotherapy, it is used to reduce edema and inflammation of surrounding tissues, reduce pain syndrome.