Dislocation: signs and medical care

Every day, people who have been injured in everyday life, at work or on the street turn to the emergency centers. Many of them are diagnosed with a "dislocation", the signs of which are obvious to the traumatologist. But patients do not have medical education, and they do not understand what it means. To avoid unnecessary worries and misunderstandings between the doctor and the patient, let's try to explain what is meant by this sonorous term.

How does the joint work?

Some bones of our skeleton are connected movably. This makes it possible for a person to walk, tilt, lift and bend limbs. The bones in these joints are separated by an articular cavity in which the joint (synovial) fluid is present. Outside, the junction is covered with a strong shell, which is called the joint bag. Thanks to the internal fluid and a powerful fibrous outer fabric, these surfaces can glide smoothly without leaving the bag.

What do doctors call a dislocation?

If an injury has occurred, the integrity of the joint bag may be compromised, and the surfaces themselves may shift relative to one another. This is a dislocation, the signs of which will be described in more detail below. That is, when a doctor puts such a diagnosis, he means that the bone has come out of the joint cavity, damaging the tissue of the bag or ligament.

Types of dislocations

Medicine distinguishes several types of dislocations:

• Traumatic;
• Congenital;
• Pathological;
• Habitual.

Each species has its own characteristics and features. So, for example, congenital dislocation of the femur is characterized by displacement of the head of the bone, but the articular bag is not broken. But if such a congenital pathology is not treated, then the bag is stretched, which causes additional difficulties when moving.

But the signs of dislocation of the joint, called pathological, consist in damage to the articular surface caused by the pathological process. In particular, tuberculosis, syphilis or hematogenous inflammation in childhood.

A habitual dislocation is considered to be special. Symptoms - frequent repetitions of joint displacement, associated with effort and stress. They are for athletes, and for people engaged in heavy physical labor, although the inhabitants also happen. Most common are habitual dislocations of the shoulder, wrist and elbow joints.

Main localization

Usually traumatologists are treated with dislocations after falls on the street and household injuries. More often than others, such damage to the wrist joint, interphalangeal joints of the fingers and toes, elbows and hip joints is diagnosed. There are also quite a few cases of dislocation of the jaw joint.

Main features

So we got to the most important one. Next, describe the first signs of dislocation. After trauma, a person feels pain, the limb takes an uncharacteristic position, and the joint itself looks unnatural, its shape changes. Movement in the place of the damaged joint is difficult or impossible.

The signs of dislocation can be visually perceptible, and it seems to a person that the bone is easy to put in place. But this is a mistake. The damaged limb springs and returns to an atypical position. These manipulations are accompanied by severe pain and can cause painful shock.

Giving help

After the obvious signs of dislocation are established, you can try to provide first aid to the victim before the ambulance arrives at the scene or before delivering it to the emergency station. Remember, if you do not have medical education, you can not fix the damaged joint yourself! The fact is that inept actions can hurt the joint more severely. Give the patient an anesthetic, such as analgin. Place a cold compress on the damaged joint or apply ice. Fix the limb in the state it took after the injury. Hang your hand on a kerchief or bandages around your neck. But fix the leg with a long stick or a board, so that it is immobilized. If there is no suitable tire, then pribintuyte a sick leg to a healthy one. Now the victim can be transported to the hospital.

Not similar to other types of jaw dislocation. Symptoms - jaw extension, increased salivation, discomfort and pain. A one-sided dislocation of the lower jaw displaces it toward the healthy joint. The mouth is not closed, but the pain is localized in the ear. If there are signs of this damage, then tie the jaw wide kerchief or scarf, the ends of which fix on the back of the head. If there is a possibility to apply a bandage from a bandage, then it should be sourish. The wide part covers the chin, and the ends are tied at the back of the head.

What does the doctor do?

The victim should be delivered to the doctor as soon as possible. The earlier the dislocation is corrected, the less the consequences of the injury. Treatment begins with anesthetization of the damaged joint. Then the doctor carefully, without sudden movements, moves the bone into the joint bag. In this case, a characteristic click is heard, and partial mobility is restored. Appearance of the joint again becomes typical. But this is not the end of the treatment, but only its beginning. Further, the doctor must immobilize the joint to restore the damaged areas inside the bag. For this, the limb is gypsum in the correct state.

You can not hurry to remove plaster. An untreated joint injury can become a habitual dislocation, and this will significantly complicate life.

Understood with the concepts: dislocation, signs, first aid with it, you will not feel helpless in the event of injury. From the article it became known what can be done, and what can not be done if a dislocation is received. The issue of how to provide first aid for a dislocation, if it was necessary to become an accidental witness of an injury, was also considered.