Dislocation of teeth: types, treatment, photo

Almost every time in my life I was a patient of a dental office. Most often, we turn to doctors when tooth decay reaches such a development that pain starts that can not be tolerated. We visit dentists and, if necessary, perform prosthetics or cosmetic care for the oral cavity. But there are situations when patients come to the reception, because there was a dislocation of teeth. What is this pathology, for what reasons arises and whether it is possible to cope? We will try to answer these questions.

What is a dislocation of teeth?

If the tooth deviates from its axis relative to the location of other teeth, then we can talk about such a pathology. During the dislocation, the ligamentous apparatus is damaged, which leads to tooth dislocation.

Most of the dislocation of teeth is observed on the upper jaw, sometimes it can be on the lower jaw.

Provoking factors of dislocation

Many factors may serve as the reasons for this trauma. Dislocations and fractures of teeth in children and adults can occur for the following reasons:

1. Swipe. It is not necessary that someone gave in the jaw, you can get such an injury, falling from a bicycle, during an accident or any accident. Often suffer from such an injury professional athletes, for example, hockey players. Most often affected are the front teeth.
2. If the teeth are not distinguished by their strength as a result of some pathologies, for example, periodontitis, the accidental ingestion of a hard object onto the tooth during chewing may result in a dislocation.
3. Can meet non-professional dentists who overdid during treatment and tools provoked dislocation of teeth.
4. The presence of bad habits can also lead to pathology, for example, if you use your own teeth or crack walnuts as a bottle opener.

Types of dislocations

Such a trauma can be of several varieties:

1. Incomplete dislocation of the tooth. Characterized by a violation of the integrity of the periodontal, injuring the pulp. With such a trauma, there is still a chance to bring the tooth back into place. It does not drop out of the hole, it simply deviates from its axis.
2. Full dislocation of the tooth. It happens most often on the upper jaw, when the tooth almost disappears from the alveoli. With a strong impact, in addition to such a trauma, there may be a fracture of the jaw or tooth.
3. Beat dislocated tooth. This dislocation is considered to be the most dangerous, since multiple tissue damage is observed. As a result of the impact of a large force, the tooth penetrates deep into the socket. It will take a lot of effort to return a beautiful smile.

Dislocation can be observed as an independent trauma, and can also be accompanied by a fracture of the crown or root, and in serious cases a jaw fracture is diagnosed. Given the type of injury, the doctor will take action and choose the tactics of treatment.

Symptomatology of dislocations

Various injuries differ between themselves and their manifestations. Incomplete dislocation of the tooth symptoms manifests usually the following:

• There is a sharp pain, which can worsen during eating.
• If you look at the tooth, then the crown has an atypical location, it is diverted to the side. When trying to stagger the tooth, the root movement is observed.
• It is impossible to close the jaw well and close your mouth, there is a sharp pain.
• At the site of the injury you can see bruises on the skin. According to this symptom, parents may suspect dislocation of a baby's tooth from a child. If the baby has fallen, then it is worthwhile to carefully inspect the oral cavity, especially with the appearance of blood.
• The tooth becomes excessively mobile. Some will try to snatch it, but it should not be done.
• There is swelling of the lips, gums, if you touch them, you feel pain.
• If you take a picture, you can see the shortening of the root of the damaged tooth.

If the dislocation is complete, the signs will be as follows:

• Such a dislocation of the tooth (photo can be a proof) is accompanied by bleeding from the alveoli, where the tooth was.
• Pain in the area of injury.
• There is a speech defect.
• There is a transformation of the gums, so it is visible puffiness, bruises.

If there is a pitted dislocation of the tooth, then the symptomatology is as follows:

• Severe pain in the injury site.
• There is a small bleeding from the socket of the damaged tooth.
• It is difficult for a patient to squeeze teeth.
• Without any adaptations it is perfectly clear that the tooth has decreased in height in size.
• The mobility is completely absent, because the jaw bone firmly fixes the tooth. If you try to shake it, the pain is not felt.
• The gums become swollen.

This dislocation is especially dangerous for children with milk teeth, as, penetrating deep into the jaw, the crown can injure the rudiments of permanent teeth. They then grow damaged or may not appear at all.

Danger of dislocation of teeth in children

Children are very mobile, therefore such traumas for them are far from uncommon. And if you take into account that this can happen in early childhood with still milk teeth, then you should not be surprised at all.

If such a trauma happened, many parents believe that it is urgent to put the tooth in place. But experienced dentists do not always agree with this, especially if the tooth is dairy, and the dislocation does not interfere and does not harm the child.

Moms and dads should know that it is not recommended to correct such a defect on their own. You can make it worse and cause great pain to the baby. If it concerns a baby tooth, then even more, because in the gum there are already rudiments of permanent teeth, which can cause irreparable harm.

It is better to visit a specialist and decide with his help how to help a child.

First aid after tooth dislocation

After receiving such an injury (it does not matter whether it's a child or an adult), you need to be in the dentist's chair as soon as possible, but the first steps are very important:

• If possible, eliminate bleeding.
• It is forbidden to press on a place of a trauma or it is direct on a tooth. Do not try to put the tooth on your own.
• Attach something cold to the cheek on the side of the injured tooth.
• If the dislocation is complete, then attach a swab, but not cotton.
• When applying a pressure bandage, it should not be kept for more than 15 minutes.

Some believe that once such an injury occurred, you will have to remove the tooth. But a competent specialist resorts to such a measure rather rarely, only if there are serious indications, which will be discussed below.

Treatment of dislocation of teeth

If a dislocation of the tooth is diagnosed, the treatment will depend on the type of injury, the age of the patient, and also, in the case of the child, the degree of damage and the formation of a permanent tooth in the gum. For a specialist, the issue of tooth preservation is the first place, but this will depend on many factors and includes several mandatory measures:

1. Return of the tooth to its original position. For this, different methods can be used, depending on the dislocation.
2. If there is a pitted dislocation of the tooth, the treatment implies an initial return to its original place, if possible. If such a trauma occurs in a baby tooth, then most often, if the child is more than 2 years old, it is removed.
3. Incomplete dislocation of the tooth is easiest to return to its place. To do this, use different designs, and then fix.

We get rid of incomplete dislocation

Treatment of incomplete dislocation of the tooth is reduced to the following procedures:

1. Reposition the tooth, that is, return it to its place.
2. Fixation to prevent bias.
3. Compliance with hygiene.

After the tooth is placed in its rightful place, it must be fixed. To do this, use various devices:

• Binding of teeth with thin soft bronze-aluminum wire. This manipulation is possible if the victim has the right bite and the adjacent teeth are firm. This method has its drawbacks: the laboriousness of the process and the absence of rigid fixation.
• Overlapping the tire from the wire. It is also important to have a permanent bite and firm adjacent teeth.
• The use of bus-kappa, it is made of plastic.
• It is possible to use studded-naresnevye tires, if there are no reliable supporting teeth.
• In some cases, dentists resort to using composite materials to fix wire arcs or tires.

After fixation, this design, as a rule, is in the oral cavity for about a month. The doctor will explain that during this period it is important to maintain oral hygiene in order to prevent the infection process.

Therapy of complete dislocation

If the trauma leads to a complete dislocation of the tooth, then the following treatment is needed:

1. Removal of pulp and canal filling.
2. Replantation of the tooth.
3. Fixation.
4. Compliance with a gentle diet.

During the examination, the doctor carefully examines the tooth socket and assesses its integrity. Whether implantation is possible or not depends on several factors:

• The age of the patient.
• Tooth states.
• The tooth is temporary or permanent.
• The root is well formed or not.

After filling the canals, they begin to re-implant the tooth. It can be single-step, when immediately the tooth is put in place and splinted. But there is a delayed implantation, then the tooth is placed in a special solution and sent to the refrigerator. And in a few days they begin to return to his place.

The process of re-implantation consists of the following stages:

1. Preparing the tooth.
2. Treatment of the well.
3. Tooth replacement and fixation.
4. Therapy after surgery.

After the procedure for tooth replacement has been carried out, after about 1.5-2 months, engraftment may take several scenarios:

1. Priming by the type of primary tension. This type is most favorable for the tooth and the patient, but it will depend on the viability of the periodontal tissues.
2. Conjugation by the type of bone adhesion. This is observed if the death of periodontal tissue occurred, of course, this is not a very favorable result.
3. A mixed type of periodontal-fibrous-bone engraftment may be observed.

Usually, if the tooth is replaced after an injury almost immediately, then the root is minimally destroyed and the tooth can be kept for a long time. But if it takes a lot of time from the moment of getting a dislocation, then, as a rule, the implantation ends with the gradual dissolution of the root and its complete destruction.

We treat pitted dislocation of tooth

If the incomplete dislocation of the permanent tooth is basically easy to heal, then it's quite difficult to cope with the injected tooth. Some experts prefer to wait some time, hoping that there will be a spontaneous return of the tooth to its place. But this, if possible, it is only in the presence of milk teeth, when the extension is due to the continuing formation of the root.

At a young age, if a shallow tapping is observed, self-propagation is also possible, provided that the root formation has not ended and there is a growth zone. The first signs of this phenomenon can be observed no earlier than 2-6 weeks after injury.

If there are signs of development of the inflammatory process, it is necessary to trepan the tooth and remove the pulp.

If the pushed dislocation almost completely immersed the crown of the tooth in the gum, then self-promotion is unlikely, as well as in the presence of inflammation and foci of infection in the periapical tissues.

After injury, the repositioning of the inserted tooth can be performed almost immediately or within 3 days. Trephination of the crown and purification of the pulp is carried out after the tooth is securely installed in the hole.

If the crown is shallowly submerged, then you can use orthodontic devices to extend it. With deeply beaten teeth, one must resort to surgical techniques, so that you can then apply the device. This manipulation should be carried out as soon as possible after an injury, as on the 5th-6th day ankylosis develops.

You can go another way: remove the beaten tooth, and then carry out a re-implantation.

In which cases is the only way out - to remove the tooth

If the patient turns to the dentist with a dislocation of the tooth, the doctor decides to remove it if there are the following predisposing factors:

1. A serious inflammatory process is found. To solve the problem, implants are used, if it concerns a child, they will be temporary, and adults will choose permanent ones.
2. After injury, severe damage to bone tissue is observed.
3. If there is a dislocation of the milk tooth. But even here there is disagreement among the doctors, some believe that keeping the tooth to nothing, while others are sure of the need for the opposite.

In any case, the decision to remove the tooth will only be made by the doctor after a thorough study of the situation, determining the severity of the injury and the state of the dental system.

Is it possible to prevent such an injury

Of course, you can not completely insure yourself against tooth dislocation, because boys who prove their rightness in a fight can not guarantee that they will not get a strong blow to the jaw. But you can take other measures that will reduce the risk of injury:

1. Carefully approach the choice of foods that you eat.
2. Go to the store and buy a bottle opener, do not test your teeth for strength.
3. You do not have to chop the nuts with your teeth, you can use the tools you need.
4. Personal hygiene of the oral cavity has not harmed anyone, and its absence leads to a weakening of the bone formations. Dental plaque leads to the gradual destruction and weakening of tooth enamel.
5. Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, they not only cleans the teeth well of plaque, but also strengthen them.

Beautiful teeth are not only health, but also beauty. Damaged or crooked teeth make us embarrassed by our smile. To prevent this, it is necessary to observe the hygiene of the oral cavity and take care of your teeth. At first glance it seems that they are so strong and nothing to them is not scary, but it turns out that one bottle opening can end badly. It is important to teach children from early childhood to take care of their teeth, then, becoming adults, they will not sit in the queue at the dentist's office for hours. Protect your teeth from dislocations, let your smile shine!