Cows of black and motley breed, their breeding, productivity

Black-and-white cow belongs to the category of purebred pets and is in high demand among farmers. High milk production is the main quality of the breed. In this article we will consider the features of breeding and keeping the black-and-white cow.

Description of the breed

Cows of black and motley breed are bred by crossing several Dutch breeds. Cattle of black and motley coloring has a good physique, strong bones and is very large. The body of the animal is proportional, the back is even, straight legs are set straight. The average weight of the cow is 500-650 kg, and the bull - 950-1000 kg. Calves are usually born with a mass of about 40 kg. Meat quality of the animal is acceptable. Milk is the main goal for which a black and motley cow is bred. The productivity of this breed is very high. So, the average annual yield of one cow can be from 4000 to 6500 kg of milk. At the same time, its fat content is more than 3.5%.

Black motley cows adapt easily to different climatic conditions and have extremely strong health. Thanks to rapid acclimatization, such animals are well established in different countries. Among dairy cows in the number of livestock they occupy the second place. In our time, scientists are working to improve the black and motley animals by breeding pure breeds, taking into account the climatic conditions of different territorial zones. To improve physical parameters and increase productivity, the Dutch and Holstein-Friesian bulls are used.

History of the origin of the breed

Cows of black and motley breed were bred during the Soviet period. Thus, in the years 1930-1932. To the territory of Russia from the Netherlands, the Baltic States and Germany brought a large number of black and motley animals, which were placed in different regions of the country. Since then, cows have been actively breeding both pure breeds and crossed with other species that were kept separately. Thus, as a result of prolonged work under different conditions of maintenance, feeding, breeding, it was possible to breed a heterogeneous breed of cattle, which in 1959 was approved under the name "black and motley cow".

Species of the breed

As a result of the breeding of the breed, several types of black-and-motley cows were obtained, which differ in milk yield, milk fat content and adaptation to climatic conditions:

1. Black-and-white cow of the Central regions of Russia - was derived as a result of crossing the Dutch breed from Kholmogory and Yaroslavl. Animals of this type are quite large and give a large milk yield (up to 6000 kg per year), but they are inferior to the fat content of milk - no more than 3.6%.
2. Black and motley breed of the Urals - formed by crossing the Tagil cows with ostries and partly with rocks from the Baltic. Such cows are less productive (3700-5500 kg of milk per year), but surpass other varieties in terms of fat content - 3.8-4%.
3. Black-and-white cows of Siberia - are created as a result of crossing the Ostfries breed with local Siberian cows. This cattle is less large and slightly inferior to previous types of productivity. So, the average annual milk yield is from 3500 to 5000 kg of milk. The fat content index is average (from 3.7 to 3.9%).

Areas for breeding cows

Breeding black and motley breed of cows is observed in all regions of Russia. The greatest number of cattle is in the north-western regions of the country, in Western and Eastern Siberia, the Urals, the North Caucasus and the Far East. Particularly popular is the breed in Moldova and in the south of Ukraine.

Features of breeding

The content and breeding of black and motley cattle is almost the same as that of other types of cows. But before you get such an animal, you should calculate the possible costs for its maintenance and planned profit. Black-and-white dairy breed of cows with proper care can provide good earnings, but in return will require a lot of effort. So, the maintenance of cattle consists of set of procedures: milking, feeding, cleaning of a stable, hay preparation, etc.

When breeding black and motley cattle, it is important to think about the place in which he will be. It must be dry, warm and spacious (at least 20 m²). Separate attention requires winter maintenance. Usually by December, the cow is pregnant, but it continues to be milked. The organism of a pregnant cow due to intensive production of milk is in great strain. During this period, the animal needs more care. So, the cow needs to provide a well ventilated, lighted cowshed. The room temperature should be optimal so that the animal is not supercooled. The ideal temperature is from 5 to 12 ° C.

Lactation and milking

Cows of black and motley breed are milked in the same way as other dairy cows. So, they give good milk to 12-17 lactation, although before such a period they are kept in rare cases. The maximum amount of milk can be obtained in the period 4 and 5 lactations.

A great influence on productivity is provided by the care and quality of the conditions in which the black and motley breed of cows resides. The yield can be great if you follow the basic rules of keeping cattle. With gentle and gentle treatment, the cow becomes attached to the owner and easily learns the behavior skills.

Sexual maturity in cows occurs at 6 months, but it is still too early for them to be with bulls. Economic maturity occurs at 16 months, when the live weight of the animal is at least 70% of the adult cow.

Features of feeding

Owners of black and motley cows should remember that due to the large size, it requires more food. So, for a year the animal needs at least 20 centners of hay and, in addition, concentrates and juicy feed. The quality and quantity of milk depends on the nutrition of the cow.

In the winter, you need to put a feeder in the stable. In size, it should contain one hay. Also in the room you need to put a keg with water so that the cow can at any time get drunk. If the water does not freeze in a stable in winter, then the barrel can always be kept full. It is advisable to update the drink at least every other day, since a lot of food gets into the water from the muzzle of the animal, and it quickly dries up. If the thermometer shows a minus temperature in the barn in winter, the water should be given every time fresh.

Depending on the size and age, the volume of feed for the winter may differ slightly. To eat enough, it is desirable to prepare about 30 centners of straw and hay and 55 centners of juicy feed. This is the main food that should feed on a black and motley breed of cows. Feeding with mixed fodder is recommended for 100 g per 1 liter of milk. If the amount of milk is large, the dose can be increased.

If there is a young growth, the winter food reserves should amount to 15 quintals and 9 juicy forages per head.

Potential problems of rock content

Cows of black and motley breed are characterized by excellent health and high milk productivity. But even a high-yielding cow can give insufficient milk. And this may be due not only to poor heredity, but also to external factors. So, the productivity of livestock is influenced by such circumstances as the season, feed nutritional status, climatic conditions, age, live weight, length of rest before calving. Also, black-and-motley cows require careful care and quality maintenance. Scientists conducted an experiment during which two burenki from one mother were kept in different conditions. One was in a well-equipped cowshed, and the other was kept in a more severe environment. In the first case, a high-bodied nurse grew from the boron, and in the second - a regular cow.