Country houses with their own hands: recommendations

As soon as you acquire a suburban area, the question of what kind of dacha constructions you can create with your own hands becomes urgent. This should include not only a house that can be used for temporary or permanent residence, but also a toilet, as well as a carport. To give the best place to choose compact buildings, because the house must have everything you need for recreation, but also do not take up a large amount of space.

For reference

The optimal material for the construction will be wood, whereas the principle can be the wireframe technology. The size of the building will depend on the area of the plot, the material capacities and the number of family members. If you plan the building correctly, the project will be inexpensive, and the use of high-quality material will make the house cozy and environmentally friendly.

Foundation construction

Country houses by their own hands to any home masters can be built from improvised materials. In order to avoid heat losses, it is necessary to install a strip foundation. If there is a terrace, then under it the base can not be equipped, there will be located pillars. The walls can be made from glued beams, then they will not have much weight.

For the reason that you will visit the house several times during the winter, it is not necessary to lower the foundation to the level of freezing of the soil. The minimum allowed depth is 60 cm. But in order to prevent freezing inside the foundation contour, it is necessary to make insulation there from claydite, its height should not exceed 20 cm. The base is poured for the furnace at this stage, its dimensions will be 100x100x80 cm.

The construction of a cottage by their own hands can provide for the use of a frame, for this you can apply glued material, the cross-section of which is 150x150 mm. Therefore, enough width for the foundation will be 25 cm. Under the terrace, you can place four pillars, deepening them by 60 cm. They should have the same height as the rest of the basement. Columns should be square, their side will be 25 cm. At the bottom of the trench prepared for the foundation, a sand-macadam padding is built, the thickness of which should be 20 cm. This part will constitute a quarter of the volume. The sand cushion will require 1 m ^{3 of} material, while the concrete will take 3.5 m ³ .

About the amount of material

When ready-made concrete is ordered, no additional calculations are required. If you mix the mortar yourself, the amount of cement is taken according to the prospective brand of concrete. For example, if you use M-300 cement, you will need 1050 kg of cement or 21 bags. This amount will require 5 tons of crushed stone and 3 tons of sand. As soon as the foundation dries, claydite is poured inside, but beforehand the surface must be cleaned of debris, grass and soil. Thus, the insulation should be used in a volume of 4.8 m ³ .

Stacking

The construction of a cottage house with their own hands can assume the use of a bar that is laid on a pre-insulated foundation. The framework is tightened at the corners, using the technology "in the bowl" is necessary for this. The first row is laid taking into account the fact that the logs should extend to the columnar foundation of the terrace. At a distance of 40 cm laid beams for the floor, they should be made of a square bar with a side of 150 mm.

Bars for walls are strengthened with wooden nagels. For each wall will need 20 beams, total 80 pieces. The beam must be ordered taking into account that it does not cut it on the platform. Overhead beams are laid , the distance between which should be 1 m. The upper row and the corners are protected by a moisture-proof film.

Roofing

Buildings in the villa area with their own hands can be fully erected. This applies not only to the canopy and toilet, but also to the house itself. At the next stage it is possible to make an attic overlap on the logs . Elements are mounted in the penultimate row of the frame. Logs from below are hemmed with boards, on which plywood sheets are fixed. On top of the installed steam and waterproofing. As a heater foam or mineral wool can act.

Recommendations of a specialist

The roof is best made gable, for this, rafters are installed, one end of which is located on the racks located on the middle beam. The second end should be on the upper rows of the log house. The fronton is sewn with boards that are cut off along the line in such a way that the result is a triangle. On the axes, a crate is installed, on which a vapor barrier membrane is fixed, the roofing material is laid on top. In this case it is metal. Do not forget that the roof needs to be decorated with windboards and ridge elements.

Construction of a country toilet

The construction of the dacha with own hands begins with digging holes. It can have a round or square shape. If a two-chamber septic tank is to be installed, the pit must have an outlet that is located in the toilet cubicle. A toilet seat will be installed on it.

The neck of the second chamber should remain outside the room, it is required for pumping out the accumulated fecal masses. The size of the excavation should be 30 cm more than the available capacity, since around the structure it will be necessary to compact the soil. If the pit walls you will decorate with brick or concrete, the foundation pit can be made square or round in shape. As soon as the excavation of the pit was completed, drainage from rubble, debris of bricks and stones is settled on its bottom. The walls are covered with a metal net, which is fixed with steel wire braces. A concrete mortar is poured onto the walls, which is left to dry. The total thickness of this layer should be between 50 and 80 mm. The walls are plastered after drying, and why they are left to dry completely.

The pit is covered with a reinforced concrete slab, which will serve as the foundation for the toilet. If you decide to create your own country houses by yourself, it is recommended to consider the photo in advance. Of these, you can understand that on the pit should be laid boards, which extend beyond the limits of 750 mm. They heat them up to one level with the ground. The boards are treated with antiseptic, such a wooden substructure can be replaced with concrete pillars.

On the surface there should be two holes for the toilet seat and a cesspool, which is then covered with a lid. The polyethylene film spreads over the area of the future basement, the reinforcing bar is located on top, which is a formwork. At the next stage, you can mix the solution, fill it with a pad and level it, and after leaving it to dry completely. On such a platform a toilet box is installed. On the hole that is intended for pumping, you need to install a hatch.

Canopy construction

More and more recently, domestic craftsmen prefer to create country houses, canopies for cars with their own hands. You, too, can follow their example by creating a parking space for your car. What is the foundation for? On the perimeter of the site, ditches are dug out, which after completion of construction will serve as drainage holes. To give strength to the structure, it is necessary to install supports, the lower part of which is antiseptic.

The next step is to build a frame, you can do it with vertical racks. For a uniform slope of the supports along the entire length, longitudinal beams should be arranged, the location of which is checked on the first two racks. The angle of inclination of the longitudinal beams, which fit into the grooves of the upper ends of the supports, should not exceed 3%. Such country houses themselves are equipped with a certain technology. It involves the laying of the rafter system, which is located on the supports. The rafters are fixed on the longitudinal beams, and the distance between them should be 70 cm.

Roof mounting

The frame is covered with a crate, on which the roof covering is laid. Among the most popular are wood, polycarbonate or corrugated board. Such country houses by their own hands are most often built using polycarbonate, as it has a low cost, exhibits excellent performance and is easy to install. The required size of the sheet you can give with a hacksaw or electric tools.