Collective protection

Intense pollution of the environment, mass exploitation of natural resources, the introduction of machinery and automation in all areas of human activity is accompanied by the emergence of man-made, biological and environmental hazards.

In the modern developing world, numerous harmful effects of human influence have added to the natural factors of environmental pollution . To protect the population from the effects of these factors, collective protection equipment is used.

They help in many situations and in the industries of people's productive activity. The means of collective protection of the population are used to prevent or reduce the impact on the population of threatening and harmful production and natural processes.

The remedies are divided into the following types:

- safety - used to automatically turn off equipment and machines when deviating from natural work or when the person is in the risk zone;

- brake - automatic, semi-automatic, manual and foot;

- protective - used to isolate from the working area of moving machines, the area of processing presses, machine tools, impact elements;

- automatic control devices for measuring pressure, temperature, dynamic and static loads, which characterize the operation of equipment and machines;

- safety signs.

The most reliable way to protect against the influence of chemical or biological substances, from natural disasters, or in the case of using weapons of mass destruction is the use of protective shelters. These include anti-radiation facilities, shelters and simple rooms.

Protective structures are classified by location - built-in, basement, detached, built outside buildings; By construction dates - built in advance or built directly in the period of extraordinary events.

Proceeding from this, the means of protection are divided into three types:

The first is protective structures erected specifically for protection (anti-radiation shelters, civil defense shelters ).

The second is structures adapted or refurbished for shelters and shelters (subways, tunnels, collectors, mine workings).

The third is the simplest shelter (pit, ravine, trench, dugout, niches).

The means of collective protection are divided into classes, depending on their purpose. Among the most common allocate:

1. Devices regulating the air environment of industrial premises, workplaces.
2. Lighting devices.
3. Means of protection against high effects of ionizing, infrared, electromagnetic and ultraviolet radiation - sealing, enclosure.
4. Means of protection from a high level of extraneous sounds, vibration and noise - mufflers, vibration isolating devices, fences.
5. Ways of protection from the influence of mechanical, chemical and biological hazards - ventilation, warning signs, sealing.

The impact of production noise is one of the factors for the use of collective protection equipment. To prevent increased noise in the workplace, when operating equipment, use noise protection. These are soundproofing devices, sound-absorbing fences, silencers, remote control devices. They eliminate or reduce the noise level, weaken its impact, thereby protecting the production workers.

Collective protection means is the main and most important way to prevent the negative impact of damaging mechanisms, emergency situations and the negative impact of harmful production factors.